Background A previous study has defined the maculopapular subtype of manifestations of COVID‐19. Objectives To describe and classify maculopapular eruptions associated with COVI‐19. Methods We carried out a subanalysis of the maculopapular cases found in the previous cross‐sectional study. Using a consensus, we defined 7 clinical patterns. We described patient demographics, the therapy received by the patient and the characteristics of each pattern. Results Consensus lead to the description of 7 major maculopapular patterns: Morbilliform (45.5%), Other maculopapular (20.0%), Purpuric (14.2%), Erythema multiforme‐like (9.7%), Pytiriasis rosea‐like (5.7%), Erythema elevatum diutinum‐like (2.3%) and Perifollicular (2.3%). In most cases, maculopapular eruptions were coincident (61.9%) or subsequent (34.1%) to the onset of other COVID‐19 manifestations. The most frequent were cough (76%), dyspnea (72%), fever (88%), and astenia (62%). Hospital admission due to pneumonia was frequent (61%). Drug intake was frequent (78%). Laboratory alterations associated with maculo‐papular eruptions were high C‐reactive protein, high D‐Dimer, lymphopenia, high ferritin, high LDH, and high IL‐6. Limitations The impossibility to define the cause–effect relationship of each pattern. Conclusion We provide a description of the cutaneous maculopapular manifestations associated with COVID‐19. The cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 are wide‐ranging and can mimic other dermatoses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Folliculitis decalvans is an embarrassing and challenging disease with no established treatment guidelines. In this paper, we described four patients with this disease treated successfully with Tacrolimus ointment. All of them showed significant control of the condition, stopping inflammatory lesions and progression of the disease, although weak transitory outbreaks of inflammatory lesions were observed in some cases. Alopecia and tufted hairs remained unchanged. The discontinuation of the therapy produced rapid relapses in all cases. Close monitoring of these patients is recommended due to the potential risk of malignant transformation of the disease.

p53 protein plays an important role in control of cell proliferation by suppressing proliferation of cells with DNA damage. Mutations of the p53 gene increase the stability of the encoded nonfunctional protein which accumulates in the nuclei, allowing it to be detectable by immunohistochemistry. Mutant p53 protein has been observed in preneoplastic and neoplastic conditions supporting its role in the development of some human cancers. In this immunohistochemical study, we examined p53 expression in 12 Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) and 10 Dermatofibromas (DF). Results were compared with the cellular proliferation rate by using the monoclonal antibody Mib-1 which detects Ki-67 antigen expression. Nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein was observed in 11 DFSP. All DF were negative for p53. No statistical correlation could be established between p53 and Mib-1 staining in our cases. We conclude that mutations of the p53 gene may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of DFSP but not of DF. Mib-1 index can not be successfully used to distinguish DFSP from DF.

Cutaneous lymphadenoma is an uncommon benign epithelial neoplasm with a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate. Both a pilosebaceous and an eccrine origin have been suggested. We herein document three cases of cutaneous lymphadenoma. Our findings support the hypothesis that cutaneous lymphadenoma is a benign tumor with follicular differentiation representing a peculiar form of nodular trichoblastoma with adamantinoid features and a significant inflammatory cell infiltrate.

Several MC1R variants are associated with increased risk of malignant melanoma (MM) in a variety of populations. We aim to examine the influence of the MC1R variants (RHC: D84E, R151C, R160W; NRHC: V60L, R163Q and the synonymous polymorphism T314T) on the MM risk in a population from the Canary Islands. Overall, 1,046 Caucasian individuals were included in the study. A thousand of them were genotyped for MC1R variants: 509 were sporadic MM patients and 491 were healthy control subjects from general population. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, hair colour, eye colour, skin phototype and ancestry. We found that carriers of the R151C and R163Q variants were at an increased risk for melanoma OR 2.76 (1.59-4.78) and OR 5.62 (2.54-12.42), respectively. The risk of carrying RHC variants was 3.04 (1.90-4.86). Current study confirms the increased MM risk for R151C carriers. It also supports the association between R163Q variant and MM risk in the population on the Canary Islands, as opposed to reported on northern populations. These results highlight the importance of the sample population selection in this kind of studies.

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Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, non-infection, ulcerating skin disease, included into neutrophilic dermatosis. The pathogenesis of pyoderma gangrenosum has not been determined yet, but it might be related to the immunologic mechanism. The breast localization is unusual, appearing after surgery in most of cases due to the phatergy phenomenon but it can also appear unexpectedly. We report a case of bilateral postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum of the breast in a patient with breast cancer subjected to mastectomy with reconstruction. The case is wrongly diagnosed as surgical wound dehiscence leading to several debridements that exacerbate the problem and delay the diagnosis by more than one year. After several treatments, it was decided to start with infliximab therapy due to the refractoriness of the process, evolving satisfactorily. The aim of investigating this case is to be able to detect the disease early, to prevent physical and psychological harm.