A obesidade é uma epidemia global com etiologia multifatorial, sendo na população infanto-juvenil aumentada rapidamente em todos os países industrializados. Os desdobramentos de tal patologia não se limitam apenas a fatores referentes à alteração de composição corporal, tendo também significativas consequências psicossociais infantis a partir da obesidade.
Self-medication is one of the main public health problems that has been growing in Brazil and in the world in recent years. Thus, the present study aims to verify and evaluate self-medication in public health in Brazil, its risk factors and the role of the pharmacist in the multidisciplinary team as an advisor in the rational use of medications. A bibliographic review was carried out using SciELO and Google Scholar databases with the intention of collecting data on the numbers of registered cases and deaths. According to the reviewed literature, self-medication in Brazil is linked to several factors. Among them, it can be highlighted the excessive advertising and easy access to medications in pharmacies. Moreover, the analysis pointed out that 77% of the population adhere to this practice; males represent about 40% of the cases. The indiscriminate use of these drugs and their associations can cause several adverse effects and intoxications that can lead the patient to death. According to the National Toxic-Pharmacological Information System (SINITOX) (SINITOX-Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico-Farmacológicas), only in 2017, about 27.11% of the registered intoxications were caused by medications, with 20,637 cases e 50 deaths. One way of controlling self-medication is the humanization of health services, especially in the public network. Therefore, The Federal Pharmacy Council (Conselho Federal de Farmácia-CFF) implemented the Resolution 586 on August 29 th , 2013, a guideline about the prescription of overthe-counter medications. In this context, the pharmacist has great relevance as an advisor and health agent. This professional collaborates for the rational use of medicines and the reduction of selfmedication cases. Finally, pharmaceutical assistance projects intended to guide the correct use of medicines would be of paramount importance to the population, thus reducing public health problems, mainly related to self-medication.
With the advancement of medicine, the vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) was developed. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus and the vaccine is a skillful means of preventing transmission. However, the vaccine needs to be applied to the at-risk population, young women and men. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to highlight comprehensive studies on the applicability of the vaccine to the population in an efficient manner. The research will approach a wide review of scientific articles published in recent years, the collection will be carried out in the Google Scholar Database, MEDLINE and SciELO, allowing a discourse analysis of the selected works, and thus, building a critical analysis resulting from the information gathered about the population at risk, effectiveness and stigmas of non-vaccination. In a critical analysis, it was corroborated that although vaccination has proven to be effective, the population at risk is not totally immune to the virus, since the stigmas imposed by contemporary society end up preventing vaccination from happening in 100% of the population. Thus, the study confirmed the need for permanent prevention policies in health units that aim at health education so that vaccination can reach the entire population at risk.
In December 2019, a new coronavirus originating from the city of Wuhan in China started an epidemic that brought many countries into chaos and despair. SARS-CoV-2, as identified, gave rise to the severe acute respiratory syndrome called COVID-19. Its transmission happens through droplets of saliva, hand or contaminated surfaces. Since its discovery, COVID-19 has led many to death, therefore, researchers from around the world have joined efforts to develop strategies to contain the virus. In this race, drugs such as Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine have become possible options for showing an antiviral effect, however, studies contest their efficiency, generating uncertainties. Therefore, other alternatives have been investigated in this context, and the study of medicinal plants has been the target of research for the treatment of COVID-19 in search of bioactive natural products that can exert an antiviral action. The study aimed to analyze the published literature on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship with medicinal plants. Bibliographical survey. So far, no specific treatment against the disease has been found, only supportive, with drugs that aim to improve the individual's immune system and ensure that the virus does not replicate, for example, there are options such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and convalescent plasma. On the other hand, studies have revealed that medicinal plants such as garlic, among others, showed efficiency in modulating proteins with a view to preventing viral replication and improving immunity against COVID-19. So far, there are no drugs that are completely safe and have been shown to have activity against the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). However, medicinal plants can contribute to the development of specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 in a safe and effective way.
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