Our objective was to examine the effects of processing, moisture, and anaerobic storage length of reconstituted corn grain on the fermentation profile, geometric mean particle size and ruminal DM disappearance. Dry corn kernels were ground (hammer mill, 5-mm screen) or rolled, then rehydrated to 30, 35 or 40% moisture, and stored for 0, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 d in laboratory silos. Rolled corn had an increased geometric mean particle size compared with ground corn (2.24 and 1.13 mm, respectively, at ensiling). However, there was a trend for an interaction between processing and moisture concentration to affect particle size, with geometric mean particle size increasing with increased moisture concentration, especially in ground corn. Longer storage periods also slightly increased geometric mean particle size. Processing, moisture, and storage length interacted to affect the fermentation pattern (two- or three-way interactions). Overall, pH decreased, whereas lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and NH3-N increased with storage length. Reconstituted corn grain with 30% moisture had less lactic acid than corn with 35% and 40% moisture, indicating that fermentation might have been curtailed, and also due to the clostridial fermentation that converts lactic acid to butyric acid. Ensiling reconstituted ground corn with 30% of moisture led to greater concentrations of ethanol and butyric acid, resulting in greater dry matter loss than grain rehydrated to 35 or 40% of moisture. Ammonia-N and in situ ruminal dry matter (DM) disappearance were highest for reconstituted ground corn with 35 or 40% of moisture, mainly after 60 d of storage. Therefore, longer storage periods and greater moisture contents did not offset negative effect of greater particle size on the in situ ruminal DM disappearance of rolled reconstituted corn grain. Nonetheless, reconstituted corn grain should be ensiled with more than 30% moisture and stored for at least two months to improve the ruminal DM disappearance and reduce the formation of ethanol and butyric acid.
Cecropia pachystachya Trécul is popularly known in Brazil as embaúva or embaúba. Pharmacological activities were reported in extant studies including the development of anxiolytic, antidepressant, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, cardiotonic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and leishmanicidal properties for aqueous and alcoholic extracts prepared by infusion or maceration of C. pachystachya leaves. However, there is a paucity of studies examining extracts of leaves of C. pachystachya obtained by supercritical fluid technology. This study evaluated the extraction of Cecropia pachystachya oil using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). Extractions were performed at 35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C and 14 MPa, 17 MPa, and 20 MPa. The extraction yield, characteristics of the oil, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials were evaluated. The highest extraction yield obtained from C. pachystachya leaves was 1.48% using supercritical CO2 at 55 °C and 20 MPa. The main identified compounds include terpenoids (ursolic and pomolic acids, squalene and β-sitosterol). The most promising results for antibacterial activity relative to Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant potentials were observed on the extract obtained at 55 °C and 14 MPa. The mathematical Sovová model satisfactorily represented the experimental data.
Excess weight and dyslipidemia are among the most serious health problems in Western societies. These conditions enhance the risk of cardiac disease and have been linked with a higher prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. The present study investigated the cardioprotective effects of on ventricular remodeling in rabbits that were fed a 1% cholesterol-rich diet. We first obtained an ethanol-soluble fraction of and performed a detailed phytochemical study by liquid chromatography-DAD/ESI-MS. For 60 days, male rabbits were fed the cholesterol-rich diet or a diet without the addition of cholesterol. After 30 days, different groups of rabbits were treated with the ethanol-soluble fraction of (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, p. o.), simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle once daily for 30 days. At the end of 60 days, the serum lipoprotein ratio, electrocardiographic profile, histopathological alterations, and the cardiac antioxidant defense system were investigated. Echocardiographic analysis showed morphological and functional alterations in cholesterol-rich diet-fed animals, indicating left ventricle hypertrophy. The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio were significantly higher in cholesterol-rich diet-fed rabbits. Myocardial flaccidity, fatty degeneration, and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy were observed. An increase in lipid peroxidation levels, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity, and a decrease in reduced glutathione levels were observed in the myocardium of all cholesterol-rich diet-fed rabbits. Treatment with the ethanol-soluble fraction of, especially the highest dose, significantly reduced all of these alterations, thus demonstrating the cardioprotective effect of the ethanol-soluble fraction of on cardiac changes that are induced by a cholesterol-rich diet.
As grandes conquistas da mulher na escala social, familiar e socioeconômica, trazem a público também um quadro de sinais e sintomas vivenciados na sua vida fértil, que antes ficavam entre elas e seus ginecologistas, que é a Síndrome da Tensão Pré Menstrual (STPM). social e no trabalho podem trazer benefícios socioeconômicos e na qualidade de vida das A busca por terapias alternativas eficazes e seguras capazes de atuar sobre os sintomas psicológicos e físicos evitando perda de dias de trabalho e melhor relacionamento familiar, mulheres que padecem deste grande incômodo. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar pacientes diagnosticadas com STPM com o uso associado da camomila (Matricaria recutita), maçã (Malus domestica) e maracujá (Passiflora edulis) na forma de suco em mistura única nos 10 dias que antecedem a menstruação na forma de chá das referidas plantas. Para este propósito participaram da pesquisa 43 pacientes em idade fértil (entre 18 e 49 anos) com diagnóstico de STPM em consultório médico particular na cidade de Umuarama – PR, que responderam um questionário sobre a prevalência dos sintomas mais frequentes referentes a STPM, sendo os resultados observados em nosso estudo mostraram que os parâmetros: 1) Irritabilidade e Nervosismo, 2) Ansiedade e 7) Desejo aumentado de comer doce, foram os mais afetados em relação a terapia alternativa com 91%, 81% e 67%, respectivamente. Além disso, foi verificado que 93% das pacientes citaram ter mais de 4 em até 10 parâmetros afetados. Isto refletiu o nível de satisfação frente a terapia realizada com 79,1% de satisfação das mulheres avaliadas em relação a este percentual de parâmetros alcançados (91%), onde a faixa etária predominante das pacientes se encontrava entre 18 a 23 anos de idade com 35% de participação na referida pesquisa. Desta forma, verificou-se que os eventos centrais relativos a esta Síndrome são os mais afetados positivamente por esta terapia proposta, e que as queixas periféricas também foram amenizadas. Estes efeitos se devem as atividades gerais dos flavonoides contidos nestes produtos naturais (Maracujá, Camomila e Maçã) que atuam em receptores centrais, semelhantes as atividades de Gaba (ácido gama amino butírico) e suas ações moduladoras do processo inflamatório reduzindo a síntese de prostaglandinas e metaloproteinases respectivamente. Assim, concluiu-se que esta terapia propiciou em termos gerais melhora nos sintomas mais frequentes desta síndrome (irritabilidade e nervosismo, ansiedade, e vontade de comer doces) e na qualidade de vida destas mulheres quando fora utilizado a prática das terapias alternativas.
Background: COVID-19 has reached more than 20 million people since its appearance in December 2019. As a result of the infection process by the Sars-CoV-2 virus, patients manifest initial symptoms easily mistaken for common flu. However, in a small group of the population, the condition may progress to pneumonia or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out an integrative review on laboratory and imaging diagnostics for COVID-19, in the period from 2019 to 2021. Method: Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, Virtual Library, LILACS, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and the official website of the World Health Organization were used. Results: RT-qPCR identifies fragments of viral RNA in the initial stage of the disease since the genes E and RdRp are the most used, given the great sensitivity. Imaging and serological methods can be used as complementary exams. The main radiographic findings are reticular and ground-glass opacity patterns, reversed halo sign, mosaic attenuation, and consolidations. The antibody levels are detected after the seventh day of symptom onset. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when interpreting the results for the diagnosis of COVID-19, since the onset of clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging tests must be taken into account.
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