Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain

Gomes, Ana Luiza Mendonça; Bueno, Antônio Vinícius Iank; Jacovaci, Fernando Alberto; Donadel, Guilherme; Ferraretto, L.F.; Nussio, Luiz Gustavo; Jobim, Clóves Cabreira; Daniel, João Luiz Pratti

doi:10.1093/jas/skaa332

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The inclusion criteria were as follows: diet was offered as a total mixed ration, diet contained at least 300 g/kg dry matter (DM) of ensiled or dry corn grain, and ensiled grain contained a minimum of 280 g/kg of moisture, because the moisture content affects the conservation process, digestibility, and energy value of corn grain silage (Owens and Basalan, 2013;Gomes et al, 2018). Nine publications were found, but one failed to attain our criterium for minimum moisture content of ensiled corn (Carareto, 2011).…”

Section: Literature Search and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ensiling on the feeding value of flint corn grain for feedlot beef cattle: A meta-analysis

Jacovaci¹,

Salvo²,

Jobim³

et al. 2021

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia

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The objective of this study was to review the effect of ensiling on the feeding value of flint corn grain and performance of feedlot cattle. In this meta-analysis, ensiled corn grain included both high-moisture corn and rehydrated corn grain. The criteria for a publication enter in the database were: diet was offered as a total mixed ration, diet contained at least 300 g/kg dry matter (DM) of ensiled or dry corn grain, and ensiled grain contained a minimum of 280 g/kg of moisture. The final dataset included 21 paired comparisons from eight publications, from 2002 to 2019. A sub dataset of digestibility trials contained six paired comparisons for starch digestibility and five paired comparisons for DM digestibility. The outcomes were compared using the Mixed procedure of SAS, including a random effect of comparison within study (paired comparison). Ensiling corn grain increased total-tract digestibility of DM (+4.59%) and starch (+3.33%), decreased DM intake by 14.1% (10.3 and 8.85 kg/d for dry and ensiled, respectively) and metabolizable energy intake by 4.39%, but did not affect average daily gain (1.61 and 1.58 kg/d for dry and ensiled corn, respectively). Therefore, ensiling corn grain increased feed efficiency by 18.3% (0.164 and 0.194, for dry and ensiled, respectively). The feeding value was on average 25.7% higher for ensiled corn grain compared with dry corn grain. Ensiling is an efficient strategy to improve the caloric value of flint corn grain for finishing cattle.

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Section: Literature Search and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ensiling on the feeding value of flint corn grain for feedlot beef cattle: A meta-analysis

Jacovaci¹,

Salvo²,

Jobim³

et al. 2021

Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia

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“…Studies conducted in Brazil determined that the inclusion of ensiled corn kernels in diets can improve the feed efficiency of growing/finishing cattle by an average of 14% as a result of an average 12% feed intake reduction (Berndt et al, 2002;Costa et al, 2002;Putrino, 2006;Henrique et al, 2007;Silva et al, 2007;Almeida Júnior et al, 2008;Carareto, 2011;Caetano et al, 2015;Silva, 2015;Tres, 2015;Silva, 2016). However, these benefits of grain ensiling are based on three major factors (Gomes et al, 2018): moisture content (Owens et al, 1997), particle size (Rémond et al, 2004), and length of storage time (Hoffman et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrolytic enzymes improve the nutritive value of high-moisture corn for finishing bulls

Salvo

Gritti

Daniel

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) improve the energy availability of grains for nonruminant animals by reducing encapsulation of the endosperm nutrients within grain cell walls; however, these benefits are unknown in the treatment of corn-based silage for cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of adding EFE at ensiling on the nutritive value of high-moisture corn (HMC) and snaplage (SNAP) for finishing Nellore bulls. The EFE dose was 100 g/Mg fresh matter in both HMC and SNAP. Diets were 1) a SNAP + HMC control (without enzyme addition); 2) SNAP + HMC EFE (with enzymes); 3) a whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) + HMC control (without enzyme addition); and 4) WPCS + HMC EFE (with enzymes). In addition to the silages, the diets were also composed of soybean hulls, soybean meal, and mineral–vitamin supplement. The statistical design was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement of treatments, and the experiment lasted 122 d. For in situ and in vitro analyses, 2 cannulated dry cows were used. There was no interaction between the diets and EFE application (ADG, P = 0.92; DMI, P = 0.77; G:F, P = 0.70), and there was no difference between the SNAP and WPCS diets regarding the DMI (P = 0.53), ADG (P = 0.35), and feed efficiency (ADG:DMI, P = 0.83). Adding EFE to the HMC and SNAP at ensiling did not affect ADG but decreased DMI (P = 0.01), resulting in greater feed efficiency by 5.91% (P = 0.04) than that observed in animals fed diets without the addition of EFE. Addition of EFE to HMC resulted in reduced NDF content and increased in vitro and in situ DM digestibility compared with untreated HMC. No effects were found for the addition of EFE to SNAP. Fecal starch decreased with EFE application (P = 0.05). Therefore, the diet energy content (TDN, NEm, and NEg) calculated from animal performance increased (P = 0.01) with the addition of EFE to HMC. In conclusion, exchanging the NDF from WPCS with that from SNAP did not affect the performance of finishing cattle, whereas the addition of EFE to HMC at ensiling improved animal performance by increasing the energy availability of the grain.

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“…Grain silage conservation requires adequate moisture content to allow microbial growth and activity (Pahlow et al, 2003). Despite the wide range of moisture contents that result in well-fermented silages, the data in the literature suggest that 35% moisture is the optimal target to enhance fermentation, increase proteolysis, and improve starch degradability (Neuhaus and Totusek, 1971;Barol et al, 1986;Gomes et al, 2018). Based on these findings, we reconstituted sorghum grains with the aim of reaching 35% moisture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…silage (Gomes et al, 2018), and storage longer than 2 mo might be needed to optimize starch digestibility (Da Silva et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of length of storage and sodium benzoate on the nutritive value of reconstituted sorghum grain silages for dairy cows

Santos

Salvati

Silveira

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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Twenty Holstein cows at 168 ± 87 d in milk (mean ± SD) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of 2 storage lengths (30 or 90 d) and the presence of sodium benzoate (control or 0.2% as fed) on the nutritive value of reconstituted sorghum grain silages (RSGS). For each treatment, dry ground sorghum grain was rehydrated to 35% moisture and ensiled in 200-L plastic drums. The treatments were RSGS stored for 30 d without sodium benzoate ( 30CON), RSGS stored for 30 d with sodium benzoate (30 BEN), RSGS stored for 90 d without sodium benzoate (90 CON) and RSGS stored for 90 d with sodium benzoate (90 BEN). Diets contained 16.3% RSGS. Silages stored for 90 d had higher concentrations of 1,2-propanediol, soluble protein, and ammonia nitrogen than did those stored for 30 d. Sodium benzoate reduced ethanol and ethyl-ester formation. Silages stored for 90 d had higher starch (89.3 vs. 86.9%) and protein (57.1 vs. 54.0%) digestibility compared with silages stored for 30 d. The ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio tended to be lower in RSGS stored for 90 d than in RSGS stored for 30 d (3.75 vs. 3.34). Milk yield increased from 30.0 kg/d in cows fed RSGS stored for 30 d to 31.2 kg/d in cows fed RSGS stored for 90 d, without a change in dry matter intake (23.5 kg/d on average). Hence, feed efficiency and milk N efficiency also had tendencies to increase in cows fed RSGS stored for 90 d. Sodium benzoate did not alter cow performance but slightly increased plasma glucose (65.2 vs. 63.6 mg/dL). In conclusion, increasing the storage period of RSGS from 30 to 90 d improved starch and protein digestibility, milk yield, and feed efficiency.

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Effects of processing, moisture, and storage length on the fermentation profile, particle size, and ruminal disappearance of reconstituted corn grain

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of ensiling on the feeding value of flint corn grain for feedlot beef cattle: A meta-analysis

Effect of ensiling on the feeding value of flint corn grain for feedlot beef cattle: A meta-analysis

Fibrolytic enzymes improve the nutritive value of high-moisture corn for finishing bulls

The effect of length of storage and sodium benzoate on the nutritive value of reconstituted sorghum grain silages for dairy cows

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