ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS50 AbstractMonochromatic lights emitted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have generated great interest for efficient and controlled growth in vitro, especially of plants which are endangered or require specific intensity and wavelength of light. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of monochromatic LEDs on in vitro morphogenesis: growth, proliferation of shoot cultures, and rooting of Dendrobium sonia. Different light sources viz. white LEDs (W), blue LEDs (B), yellow LEDs (Y) and red LEDs (R) were tested under photoperiod of 16 h of exposure and 8 h of dark. The frequency of morphogenesis depended on the wavelength of the applied monochromatic light. Higher wavelength monochromatic light (yellow light) was observed to induce higher shoot proliferation (98%), early PLB (protocorm-like bodies) formation, differentiation into green buds and shoot initiation as compared to red, blue and white light treatments. Yellow light also yielded higher number of shoots per explants (29 shoots/explant) than red, blue and white light treatments. The results suggest that the monochromatic light sources stimulate morphogenic effects on in vitro culture of Dendrobium sonia, and that yellow light treatment can be used to enhance the efficiency of micropropagation.
Highlights Monochromatic light source affected growth of gamma irradiated in vitro cultures of Dendrobium Yellow and red monochromatic lights significantly improved survival rate and growth of irradiated cultures. Intra-somatic competition among mutated and non-mutated cultures can be managed by monochromatic light through better growth in vitro .
Plants are wonderful resource of bioproducts encompassing significant value to medicines and drug development. The plant cell suspension cultures bear immense potential for production of high-value secondary metabolites and are chosen as alternative sources of raw material for industrial use. In the present study, homogenous cell suspension culture of Celastrus paniculatus a medicinally important plant was established and multifold production of alkaloids and total phenols was obtained under the influence of monochromatic lights. One month old leaf derived friable callus of C. paniculatus was used to raise homogenous suspension culture and kept on rotary shakers in cabinets illuminated with different monochromatic LED lights (Blue, Yellow and Red). The monochromatic lights proved to be a strong abiotic elicitor in driving the production of secondary metabolites so much so that the metabolites were released extracellularly and the medium served as sink or spacious pool for leaked out metabolites from the cell mass. Maximum production and enhancement in alkaloids and phenols (98 and 44.7%, respectively) over control was obtained from cell mass grown under yellow light treatment, followed by blue (64 and 23.7%) and red light (50 and 26%) treatments. Further scale up of secondary metabolite production was hence performed under yellow light conditions, starting from 2.5 gm cell mass suspended in 250 ml of media extended up to 1000 ml culture media for one month. The continuous culture system exhibited remarkable potential of this plant cell system as multifold yield of total alkaloids *Author for correspondence:
Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) K. Schum. is a rare indigenous forest tree species which is utilized for its wood and medicinal properties. Due to its overexploitation and specific habitat requirements the species is restricted to limited areas. In vitro mass propagation of tree species faces various challenges and no such efforts have yet been taken in propagation of this useful plant using these methods. In order to overcome the hurdles and understanding an urgent need of its conservation and mass propagation present authors attempt to develop a simple effective tissue culture protocol for regeneration of R. xylocarpa. Nodal explants were cultured on MS supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins and auxins. Among different cytokinins, maximum bud induction and proliferation was obtained in media supplemented with Kn along with IBA and for effective root induction which is tough to obtain in tree species, 100% rooting was achieved in cultures with increasing concentrations of IBA. Field survival is a major challenge with regenerated plants of forest tree species. We report here for the first time 100% survival of plants in soil by carefully standardizing the period of hardening and acclimatization procedures. A novel and effective in vitro regeneration protocol of R. xylocarpa has been successfully standardized which can be adopted for large scale propagation, reforestation and conservation of rare Radermachera xylocarpa of medicinal importance.
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