2 Résumé:Ce papier examine le rôle des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) comme déterminant de l'emploi à travers un modèle dynamique de demande de travail appliqué à un échantillon de 20 pays d'Europe centrale et orientale (PECO) au cours de la période 1995-2012. Nos résultats montrent que les IDE conduisent à un phénomène de destruction créatrice sur le marché du travail. L'introduction de nouvelles technologies plus productives conduit initialement à un effet négatif sur l'emploi, alors que l'intégration verticale progressive des filiales étrangères dans l'économie locale permet un effet de long terme positif. Cependant, ce phénomène n'est observé que dans les pays membres de l'UE. Notre analyse donne ainsi un soutien partiel à l'hypothèse que IDE peuvent dans certaines conditions nuire à l'emploi. Pourtant, l'importance relative des IDE comme déterminant de l'emploi dans les PECO est modeste par rapport au progrès dans la transition économique et à la dynamique de l'activité. Enfin, nos résultats montrent une préférence des filiales étrangères pour l'emploi des plus qualifiés, car le capital humain semble accélérer la contribution positive des IDE à l'emploi.Mots clé: IDE, emploi, demande de travail, pays en transition, panel dynamique Classification JEL: F23, J23 _________________________ Abstract :This paper examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a determinant of employment by using a dynamic labor demand model applied for a panel of 20 Central and Eastern European Countries during the period 1995-2012. Our results indicate that FDI leads to a phenomenon of creative destruction. The introduction of labor saving techniques leads to an initial negative effect on employment, while the progressive vertical integration of foreign affiliates into the local economy eventually converges towards a positive long run effect. However, this phenomenon is only observed in EU countries. Our analysis thus gives partial support to the worries that FDI may displace jobs. Still, the relative importance of FDI as a determinant of employment is modest compared to economic restructuring and output growth. Finally, our results show evidence of a skill bias of production in foreign affiliates, as human capital favors a positive contribution of FDI to employment. Non-technical summaryThe severe increase in unemployment that accompanied the recent economic crisis has led policy makers to search for viable solutions in order to stimulate labor demand and regain the path towards long-term growth. Since foreign direct investment (FDI) was already considered a major factor in the restructuring of Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC), it appeared as a natural candidate to boost activity and employment levels.However, the overall impact of FDI on employment appears ambiguous, due to opposite effects. On one hand, foreign affiliates can crowd-out domestic firms due to increased competition or by replacing local suppliers with imported inputs. On the other hand, the integration of foreign affiliates into the...

This paper examines the impact of R&D expenditures in business and private sector on economic growth in Central and Eastern European Countries over the period 1998-2008. Using a Generalised Method of Moments estimator, we find that business R&D has a high and stable contribution to economic growth. Public R&D has no effect on growth but does not crowd out private activity. The paper also finds that part of the business R&D effect is accounted for by human capital. The results remain robust after considering macroeconomic control variables.

The recent enlargement of the European Union [EU] has enhanced interest in the causes and consequences of migration between Central and Eastern European [CEE] and Western European countries. This paper considers immigration from CEE countries into the UK and the consequences for these countries" trade with the UK. Using a panel of data covering selected CEE countries between 1996 and 2003, we employ an augmented gravity model to examine the effects of immigration from these transition countries on trade flows with the UK. We pay attention to a number of issues that have been raised within the literature on gravity models. We find evidence that migration positively enhances the bi-lateral exports of the migrants" home country; there is less (but some) evidence that the imports from their destination country are also enhanced.

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