The Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) is an endangered species in Europe that feeds almost exclusively on bone remains of wild and domestic ungulates. In this paper, we present a model of an ecosystem related to the Bearded Vulture in the Pyrenees (NE Spain), by using P systems. The evolution of six species is studied: the Bearded Vulture and five subfamilies of domestic and wild ungulates upon which the vulture feeds. P systems provide a high level computational modeling framework which integrates the structural and dynamic aspects of ecosystems in a comprehensive and relevant way. P systems explicitly represent the discrete character of the components of an ecosystem by using rewriting rules on multisets of objects which represent individuals of the population and bones. The inherent stochasticity and uncertainty in ecosystems is captured by using probabilistic strategies. In order to experimentally validate the P system designed, we have constructed a simulator that allows us to analyze the evolution of the ecosystem under different initial conditions.
Since nature is very complex, the perfect model that explains it will be complex too. A complex model is not practical or good to use, so we should obtain a simple and useful model that keeps the most important natural factors.
In this paper, a P systems based general framework for modeling ecosystems dynamics is presented. Particularly, ecosystems are specified by means of multienvironment P systems composed of a finite number of environments, each of them having an extended P system with active membranes. The semantics is of a probabilistic type and it is implemented by assigning each rule of the system a probabilistic constant which depends on the environment and the run time. As a case study, two real ecosystems are described: scavenger birds in the Catalan Pyrenees and the zebra mussel (Dreissena Polymorpha)in Ribarroja reservoir (Spain).
El objetivo del estudio fue conocer las prácticas de cuidado que identifican los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad cardiovascular al final de la vida. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, que utilizó el método etnográfico particularista, en Medellín, Colombia, entre septiembre de 2014 y junio de 2015. Las participantes fueron mujeres cuidadoras familiares de personas con enfermedad cardiovascular en la etapa final de la vida. El estudio fue efectuado en tres escenarios de cuidado: domicilios, instituciones hospitalarias y centro geriátrico con unidad de cuidados paliativos. Con base en el análisis de los datos, emergió la categoría "Prácticas de Cuidado", que contiene cuatro subcategorías: a) Estar pendientes: insistir al paciente, brindar cuidados respiratorios, alimentarios, de hidratación, temperatura corporal, eliminación urinaria y fecal, movilidad y postura, cuidados de la piel, higiene y estéticos; b) Mitigar el dolor y el sufrimiento; c) Cuidados espirituales; y d) Cuidados paliativos. Del estudio se concluye que unas buenas prácticas cuidantes exigen conocimientos específicos por parte de las cuidadoras familiares, de las personas con enfermedad cardiovascular en la etapa final de la vida, así como de la patología misma. Además, se requiere un abordaje desde la multidimensionalidad humana para tomar decisiones acertadas y respetuosas culturalmente, con cuidados orientados al binomio (paciente-cuidador familiar).
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