R,R’-disubstituted sulfoximines were phosphorylated with O,O–diethylchloro phosphate and phosphorothionate to obtain new organophosphorus compounds. After purification they were characterized by GC-MS and 1H-NMR. The toxicity of the synthesized O,O-diethyl N-(R,R’-disubstituted sulfoximine) phosphoro-amidothionates was assayed on Musca
domestica. It was found that the methyl phenyl derivative was the most toxic compound, followed by the dipropyl and dibutyl derivatives. The dihexyl compound was the less toxic of all the assayed compounds, being one hundred times less toxic than a paraoxon standard The anticholinesterasic activity of the corresponding phosphoramidates was assayed on homogenates of house flies’ heads, giving values similar to paraoxon for the methyl phenyl derivative.
This field study aimed to assess the base line conditions of a long-term polluted shooting range in Argentina polluted with 428 mg kg-1 lead (Pb), to evaluate the establishment and development of Helianthus petiolaris plants and address the efficacy of the phytomanagement strategy through: i) element accumulation in plant tissues; ii) rhizosphere bacterial diversity changes by Illumina Miseq™ and iii) floral water and essential oil yield, composition and element concentration by GC-MS and ICP. After one life cycle growing in the polluted sites, in the roots of Helianthus petiolaris plants Pb concentration was between 195 and 304 mg kg-1 Pb. Only a limited fraction of the Pb was translocated to the aerial parts. The predominance of the genus Serratia in the rhizosphere of Helianthus petiolaris plants cultivated in the polluted sites and the decrees of the essential oil yield were some effects significantly associated with soil Pb concentration. No detectable Pb concentration was found in the floral water and essential oil obtained. Extractable Pb concentration in the soil reduced between 28-45 % after the harvest.
This field study aimed to assess the baseline conditions of a long-term shooting range in Argentina polluted with 428 mg kg−1 lead (Pb) to evaluate the establishment and development of Helianthus petiolaris plants and address the efficacy of the phytomanagement strategy through: (i) element accumulation in plant tissues; (ii) rhizosphere bacterial diversity changes by Illumina Miseq™, and (iii) floral water and essential oil yield, composition, and element concentration by GC–MS and ICP. After one life cycle growing in the polluted sites, in the roots of Helianthus petiolaris plants, Pb concentration was between 195 and 304 mg kg−1 Pb. Only a limited fraction of the Pb was translocated to the aerial parts. The predominance of the genus Serratia in the rhizosphere of Helianthus petiolaris plants cultivated in the polluted sites and the decrease in the essential oil yield were some effects significantly associated with soil Pb concentration. No detectable Pb concentration was found in the floral water and essential oil obtained. Extractable Pb concentration in the soil reduced between 28% and 45% after the harvest.
The essential oils (EOs) from 5 native aromatic plants from La Pampa, Argentina, were obtained by hydrodistillation and tested for repellency on Tribolium castaneum Herbst. adults. All tested EOs showed high repellency activity at the highest concentration established (0.3 mg.cm 2). The EOs from Baccharis spartioides and Helianthus petiolaris were the most efficient, showing higher repellency when compared to the standard positive control (DEET). At 3x10 1 mg.cm 2 , B. spartioides and H. petiolaris showed 95% and 92.2% of repellency respectively. The EOs chemical composition was then analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and the first report of H. petiolaris EO composition is presented. Finally, in order to assess repellency activity in simulated "field conditions", pest behavior was evaluated in treated flour. In presence of H. petiolaris EO, 90% of the insects left the grain, while B. spartioides induced an 81% of emigration. To maximize the yields in repellent production, a blend using commercial lemon EO was proposed. The results obtained show a significant difference after 24 h of treatment, were the repellency of the blend persisted in contrast with pure EOs. These findings present the B. spartioides and H. petiolaris EOs blends as promising alternatives to control T. castaneum in stored grains.
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