No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

DiseñoEncuesta poblacional de tipo transversal. Población objetivoPersonas de 15 años y más, chilenas o extranjeras que residen habitualmente en viviendas particulares ocupadas, localizadas en zonas urbanas y rurales de las quince regiones de Chile. RepresentatividadNacional, regional y Urbano/Rural. Modo de aplicaciónEntrevista personal en hogar (Sistema de captura electrónica: Tablet), aplicada por encuestador y profesional enfermera de acuerdo al tipo de cuestionario. Período de trabajo de campo Agosto 2016 a marzo 2017Tamaño muestral 6.233 encuestados, de los cuales 5.520 cuentan con exámenes de laboratorio de acuerdo a protocolo. Error muestralError absoluto de muestreo de 2,6% a nivel nacional, raíz del efecto de diseño de 1,797, estimaciones con 95% de confianza y error relativo inferior a 30%.

Reaction to stressful events has an impact on several cognitive processes. High levels of stress can be detrimental to working memory, attention and decision-making. Here, we investigated whether individuals' reactivity to stress is related to their introspective sensitivity (i.e., how well individuals monitor their own cognitive processes). To this aim, 27 participants (16 women, mean 20 years old) were exposed to a psychosocial stress protocol (trier social stress test, TSST), where individuals were asked to simulate a job interview and perform arithmetic calculations in front of a panel of experts. The salivary cortisol concentration, which is considered a hormonal index of stress reactivity, was collected during the TSST through the enzyme immunoassay DRG cortisol ELISA kit. Based on literature recommendations, we classified participants as responders and non-responders to the TSST. In a second session, through a visual search paradigm, we evaluated the introspective sensitivity of the participants. We evaluated how these individuals (i) monitor their own performance (through a confidence estimation), (ii) monitor their own attentional shifts (through a subjective number of scanned items estimation, SNSI), and (iii) monitor their own response times (through an introspective response time estimation, iRT). We found that individuals with lower biological reactivity to stress are more accurate in estimating their SNSI (p = 0.033) and iRT (p = 0.002), and in evaluating their own performance (p = 0.038) through their confidence. We argue that the effect of stress on introspection is not limited to a particular type of introspective evaluation, but rather consists of a general alteration of the introspective mechanism.

Microbiological quality of water in livestock area of southern Chile and its possible implications on human healthIntroduction: A significant proportion of water for human consumption has an underground origin becoming 80% in Chilean rural areas where profound wells represent the only search of water for human and animal beverage. Aim: To study the microbiological quality of water from agricultural land for livestock production in the province of Valdivia (40°S), Chile and its potential impact on human health. Material and Method: Water samples were collected monthly (2008 -2009), at the entrance and exit of a water stream running through the field and in well water used for human and animal consumption. The total coliform (Tc) and Escherichia coli were determined by the confirmatory method Quanti-Tray together with other physicochemical assessments in the water and climatic variables. Results: In samples from the stream water and wells, the Most Probable Number of Tc and E. coli exceeded the standard Chilean Norm of Water Quality (NCh 409/1) for human consumption. Conclusion: These results show the need to regulate the environmental impact of farming and cattle production and to monitor the drinking water to meet the minimum standards of health protection.

No abstract