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The paper investigates the emerging pattern of journey to work traffic that characterises the employment centres of a fast growing African city with reference to the case of Benin region, Nigeria. This is achieved by identifying and extracting the significant employment centres of the region. On the one hand, factor analysis and Getis-Ord statistic were systematically used to identify the spatial configuration of the region’s employment. Regression models on the other hand, were used to estimate the relationship that exists between job decentralisation and travel behaviour. Factor analysis and Getis-Ord statistic identified four significant employment clusters in the region. Multivariate and bivariate regression models were further used to explore the dynamics of commuting behaviour in response to decentralisation of employment centres. It is found that employment spatial structure exerts significant influence on all dimensions of commuting pattern of the region. The result shows that decentralisation of jobs in the metropolis has led to a reduction in commuting times, travel distance and significantly influence the modal choice of commuters.

Smoking is associated with several illnesses in the UK. Smoking rate in Leeds is higher than the national average. Finding optimal locations for stop-smoking services will be a good place to start in reducing smoking rates. The study utilizes a GIS-Based location-allocation method for the optimal distribution of smoking cessation centres in relation to the spatial distribution of the smoking population in Leeds. The demand for the smoking cessation clinics was estimated based on the 2009 General Life Style (GLS) statistics on age and social class stratification of smoking rates for the UK. Leeds specific rates were then obtained from the 2001 census key statistics data on socioeconomic status and age structure for output areas via Census Area Statistics Website (CASWEB). The research findings show that spatial inequalities in smoking rate exist in output areas of Leeds. Poorer and non-skilled populations are demonstrated to have higher smoking rates compared with wealthier neighbourhoods. The study confirms the capability of GIS-Based location-allocation techniques to be useful modelling tools for determining the best locations for health facilities. The model allocates services in relation to the spatial patterns of demand in a fashion that minimises average travel distance.

 Indonesia lied among the three of world major plates so that several districts along the southern coast of Java Island were vulnerabled to the tsunami including Lumajang. South coast of Lumajang had high population density and settlements and high levels of government and economic activity. Therefore, it is necessary to know the level of insecurity and vulnerability to the tsunami in order to be utilized as input of mitigation data for the preparation of regional spatial plans (RTRW) based on tsunami risk level. The objective of this research is to arrange the regional risk map for tsunami in Lumajang Regency using Geographic Information System (GIS) through approach of insecurity and vulnerability analysis of tsunami. The insecurity rate is analyzed based on seismicity map and run-up data of tsunami event in Lumajang District. Vulnerability approach used multicriteria such as land elevation, slope, coastal morphometry, land use, distance from the coast and distance from the river. The methodology that was used included data collections of both primary and secondary data such as satellite imagery of earth map, Lumajang statistical data. Each vulnerability data variable was processed to result a weighting and scores that its become the parameters for making a regional tsunami vulnerability map. The results showed three level of risks in five subdistricts that directly adjacent to the Southern Coast such as Yosowilangun, Kunir, Tempeh, Pasirian, and Tempursari. The high tsunami risk which covered almost along the coast, the ramps morphology, without any protective vegetation and human activities at the site while the medium of tsunami risk which were in areas with elevation more higher than the coastal and the low of tsunami risk had variations of topography, quite far from the coast and less human activities.

This paper presents an application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in building consensus among experts on the choice of urban residential upgrading schemes in Jakarta, Indonesia. Questionnaires were administered to both international and Indonesian experts involved in residential upgrading in our study area. Given the goal of urban residential improvement, they were asked to weigh such alternatives as multi-storey housing (MS), single-detached housing (SD), and Kampung Improvement Program (KIP) based on such criteria as tenure, floor area, accessibility to work place, accessibility to transportation and lifestyle. It was found that accessibility to work place was the most important criterion while multi-storey housing was the single most preferred housing improvement scheme contrary to the popular program (KIP) promoted by international aid agencies.

This paper examines the stated residential preference of squatters and resettiers in Davao City ， Phi】 ippines ． Resettlement schemes are popular programs of the local government to solve thc problem of squatter settlements ． However ， the stated prcf 巳rences of these squatters and rescttlers are not usually considered in th6 planning and implementation of these resettlement programs ． Applying the conjoint analysis ， we examine the residential preference pattom of these groups ．【 t was fbund that they generaHy prefer owner − occupied ， outer city location ， abundant in 倉a utHities ， common transportation ， single − detached housing and advanced social faciHties ． The use of illustrative profile cards generat¢ d positive response from the respondents ， The methodology employed in this study was fbund to be feasible and usefUl fbrし lnderstanding residential preference ofsquatters and resettlers ． Kaywords ： sguatters ， nesettters ， statedresidentiatpreference

The main objective of this paper is to examine the effect of the availability of day care facilities evaluated by working married women in Japan on their sequential fertility behavior. For this purpose, one-factor random effects probit model based upon a continuous latent variable method is employed and analysis performed, using 1993-1996 panel data from the Japanese Panel Survey on Consumers. The empirical results show that the availability of day care facilities has a positive effect on the fertility behavior during the observed period. In short, the higher their availability, the higher probability of birth among working married women. Consequently, it is clear that the provision of day care facilities should be considered as a meaningful social policy to help working married women reconcile career with child rearing.

This study assessed the geospatial impacts of sand mining activities in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. There are thirty five (35) burrow pits in Benin and eleven (11) were used for the study. Similarly, three (3) distinct datasets and sources were used to determine the spatial extent of environmental degradation as a result of sand mining activities in Benin City. The first data set was the 19th January, 2019 satellite imagery of each of the mining sites. This high resolution remotely sensed data was used in the determination of areal extent of the sand mining sites. The second set of data was the Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 30meters resolution digital elevation model (DEM). The ASTER-DEM was used as an input dataset in the determination of the volume of sand that have been mined in each site and compilation of three – dimensional model (3D Model) of each the sand mining site. The third set of data was the geographic coordinates of the mining sites. They were sourced from field survey with the use of global positioning system (GPS).The study concluded that sand mining and development cannot be entirely separated but mining should be done in a sustainable manner with less of environmental degradation. It is recommended that miners should be regularly sensitized by the government on environmental degradation and about the fragile nature of the environment. The government regulatory body should ensure that Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is carried before mining pits are approved for mining activities. Also illegal burrow pits should be short down to check environmental degradation.