Mapping and Geovisualizing Topographical Data Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

Abstract

 Indonesia lied among the three of world major plates so that several districts along the southern coast of Java Island were vulnerabled to the tsunami including Lumajang. South coast of Lumajang had high population density and settlements and high levels of government and economic activity. Therefore, it is necessary to know the level of insecurity and vulnerability to the tsunami in order to be utilized as input of mitigation data for the preparation of regional spatial plans (RTRW) based on tsunami risk level. The objective of this research is to arrange the regional risk map for tsunami in Lumajang Regency using Geographic Information System (GIS) through approach of insecurity and vulnerability analysis of tsunami. The insecurity rate is analyzed based on seismicity map and run-up data of tsunami event in Lumajang District. Vulnerability approach used multicriteria such as land elevation, slope, coastal morphometry, land use, distance from the coast and distance from the river. The methodology that was used included data collections of both primary and secondary data such as satellite imagery of earth map, Lumajang statistical data. Each vulnerability data variable was processed to result a weighting and scores that its become the parameters for making a regional tsunami vulnerability map. The results showed three level of risks in five subdistricts that directly adjacent to the Southern Coast such as Yosowilangun, Kunir, Tempeh, Pasirian, and Tempursari. The high tsunami risk which covered almost along the coast, the ramps morphology, without any protective vegetation and human activities at the site while the medium of tsunami risk which were in areas with elevation more higher than the coastal and the low of tsunami risk had variations of topography, quite far from the coast and less human activities.

Topographic and Hydrologic Analyses using Geographic Information System (GIS): A Case Study of Karbala City-Iraq

“…The building of dams on the Tigris and the Euphrates and their tributaries by countries that originate or pass from them, such as Turkey and Syria, global climate change, and mismanagement of these resources are reasons leading to the scarcity of water in Iraq by the year 2040 [1]. Geographic information systems (GIS) are used to classify and analyze information and store it in databases [2]. The methods of obtaining data using GIS allowed geographers, engineers, and those interested in accessing for any part of the world, even those that are difficult to reach using traditional methods [3,4].…”

“…Geographic information systems (GIS) are used to classify and analyze information and store it in databases [2]. The methods of obtaining data using GIS allowed geographers, engineers, and those interested in accessing for any part of the world, even those that are difficult to reach using traditional methods [3,4]. DEM is a three-dimensional representation of the earth's surface, and it is one of the easiest types of digital representation of the topography of the surface of the earth.…”

Large scale mapping: an empirical comparison of pixel-based and object-based classifications of remotely sensed data

“…Consequently, studies using Remote Sensing data, Cartographic principles and Geographic Information System (GIS) in examining earth's surface spatial elements are specifically aimed at making informed decisions because the spatial outputs, mostly in the form of maps and accompanied statistics, help in resource allocation and landuse management on one hand, and policy impact analysis on the other hand (Goodchild, 1992;Ojigi, 2006;. In addition, informed decisions are useful for planning purposes in areas like topographical mapping (Ikhuoria and Ogedegbe, 1998;Soneye and Akintuyi, 2013), environmental management (Worboys, 2003), land suitability and crop production (Verhulp and Niekerk, 2017;Rilwani, 2014), topographic analysis and visualization (Yokoyama, Shirasawa and Pike, 2002;Fabiyi, Ige-Olumide and Enaruvbe, 2012;Nkeki and Asikhia, 2014), as well as urbanisation, industrialization and regional planning (Omuta, 1984;Fasona and Omojola, 2004). In other words, having reliable and up-to-date spatial data sources such as Satellite Remote Sensing, ground surveying and croudsourced mapping are regarded as fundamental to effective planning and infrastructural development (Ufuah, 2003;Bello and Ojigi, 2013).…”

“…Previous studies showed that the dearth of reliable and up-to-date geographic data is a major drawback in making informed decisions as far as good governance and development are concerned in developing countries like Nigeria (Ufuah, 2003;Nkeki and Asikhia, 2014;Rilwani, Bello and Onothoja, 2015). Besides, the high temporal resolution in continuously providing multi-date satellite image data over a given geographic space is germane (Roostaei, Alavi, Nikjoo, and Valizadeh-Kamran, 2012).…”

“…In literature, map making from aerial photos has been criticized for its time consumption, tedium, high cost and low accuracy (Collier, 2002;Ozah and Kufoniyi, 2008). This is because, prior to the introduction of GIS technology, cartographers relied heavily on data derived from conventional survey which also relied heavily on instruments such as ranging poles, Günter's chain, and tapes (Ikhuoria, 1998) to produce topographical maps that were largely interpolated with contour lines and manually produced hill shaded maps (Nkeki and Asikhia, 2014;Alpha and Winter, 1971;Imhof, 1965). With the advent of aerial photographs, most maps were produced photogrammetrically through mathematical measurements of features in the photos.…”