The incorporation of hip-strengthening exercises may be considered along with conventional exercises when designing a rehabilitation program for persons with knee OA.

Background: The impairments in cerebral palsy can limit a child's ability to play and exercise at intensities necessary to develop cardio respiratory fitness. Objective: To compare the effects of dynamic cycling, static cycling and conventional exercises in cardiovascular endurance, balance and walking ability in cerebral palsy children. Materials and Method: A total of 30 subjects were recruited in an experimental pre-post-test study design. Subjects were randomly assigned to 3 different treatment groups. The following outcome measures were measured: resting Heart Rate, 3 Minute Walk Test, GMFM-66, and Pediatric Balance Scale. All the three groups received conventional exercises. The experimental group 1 in addition received dynamic cycling protocol and experimental group 2 received static cycling protocol. The outcome was again evaluated at 6 weeks. Results: All the 3 groups showed significant pre to post improvement for the entire outcomes measured but GMFM-66. Results of the studied showed more significant improvement in both the cycling groups compared to the control group; Dynamic cycling group showing better response than static cycling group. Though all the groups showed improvement in GMFM-66, the dynamic cycling group showed better improvement followed by control group. Conclusion: Dynamic cycling incorporated with conventional exercises improves the cardiovascular endurance, balance and functional abilities than conventional exercises only.

Our results showed that manual therapy interventions were no better than supervised exercises in reducing pain, improving ROM and neck disability.

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Both 30 min and 60 min of application of TENS are effective in reducing spasticity of ankle plantar flexors, improving walking ability and increase the effectiveness of task related training. Based on the effect size, we would recommend a longer duration application for the reduction of spasticity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Subjects with non-specific chronic low back pain with or without radiation to lower limbs when treated with thoracic central PA mobilization, in addition to LBP specific treatment and breathing exercises, show an improvement in respiratory parameters and reduction in disability.

The results of our study show that core muscles strengthening using a SEBT grid are more effective than conventional programs. We hypothesize SEBT training to have a significant role in skill learning. We recommend SEBT grid training to be incorporated in the treatment planning of persons with CLBP.

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