Objective: The study aimed to highlight the relationship between forensic science and endodontics by illustrating CBCT records can be used as legal evidence for forensic analysis and evaluate the effect of elevated temperature on the endodontically treated teeth. Methods: The present study was conducted on 40 extracted permanent mandibular premolars, which were divided into two groups based on predetermined incineration temperature: Group I - 400°C & Group II - 800°C subjected for 15 minutes holding time in a digital burnout furnace. The root canal treatment was performed for both the groups and a Pre-incineration CBCT scan was taken for both the groups as an ante-mortem data. Following heating analysis, root canal treated teeth were examined using a stereomicroscope at 20x resolution to evaluate the morphological changes. The post-incineration CBCT scan was taken as the post-mortem record for each group. Both ante-mortem records and post-mortem records were compared for the forensic analysis. Results: The endodontically treated teeth display a series of macroscopic and stereo-microscopic changes for each temperature scale. The CBCT records identify the thermal stress-induced 3D alterations in the gutta-percha filled teeth. Conclusion: Knowledge of changes in human dentition and traces of the endodontically treated teeth can help forensic experts for the identification of the fire victims.
Introduction: In endodontic retreatment, gutta-percha removal must be done correctly in order to assure a successful outcome following failed procedures. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of stainless-steel hand files with three different nickel-titanium rotary instrument systems for removing guttapercha using ultra-conservative access opening in curved canals. Aim: To compare the efficacy of different rotary instruments for removing obturating material from root canals with Ninja access in mandibular mesiobuccal moderately curved canals measured radiographically using Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted in the Conservative and Endodontics department, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India in the time period of June 2022 to July 2022. Forty extracted human mandibular molar teeth were accessed through Ultraconservative opening (Ninja Access). After preparing the root canals, they were sealed using gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer through lateral compaction. The teeth were then stored for one week. The samples were divided into four groups according to the rotary file used: Group I- Hedstrom Files; Group II- Pro taper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) Files; Group III- Neoendo Retreatment Files; Group IV- R-Endo Retreatment. The amount of remaining filling material after the retreatment procedure was checked with CBCT. The statistical analysis was performed using R statistical analysis software version 4.1.0 for windows. Results: In sagittal section, there was significant difference of residual filling material between the four file systems in middle third only (p=0.048) while significant difference was seen only in apical third in the coronal section (p=0.011). However, the three rotary retreatment files left significantly less remnants than Hedström files during removal of the gutta-percha. The time taken for retreatment was significantly higher for Hedström files (398.90±20.717) sec followed by R-endo retreatment files (274.30±14.407). Conclusion: H file was the least effective in removing guttapercha from the canals when compared to the other three file systems. The Neo-Endo rotary retreatment system was faster.
Introduction: The concept of ‘extension for prevention’ accelerates treatment processes but eliminates precious dentin at the pericervical area, resulting in biomechanically weakened tooth structure after endodontic treatment. Pericervical Dentin (PCD) is a new paradigm for endodontic success supports the idea that the amount of residual tooth structure is closely associated with long-term retention of the tooth and resistance to fracturing. Aim: To determine the impact of two endodontic access cavity designs and biomechanical preparation on the pericervical dentin thickness using 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomographic (CBCT) visualisation technique and fracture resistance of the maxillary anterior teeth under compressive load using universal testing machine. Materials and Methods: The in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Karnavati School of Dentistry, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, from October 2020 to March 2021. Study was carried out on the 30 single rooted freshly extracted maxillary central incisors and were randomly divided into two groups of conventional and conservative access preparation groups (n=15). Group 1 was conventional group, samples were accessed using endo access bur #1. Group 2 was conservative group, samples were accessed using CK micro-endodontic bur under a dental operating microscope. Cleaning and shaping was done using 17% Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) as lubricant and 4% Hyflex CM rotary file system. The CBCT scans were taken preoperatively, following access cavity preparation and postobturation to evaluate the amount of pericervical dentin loss in mesial, lingual, facial and distal surfaces of the teeth at the levels of 1 mm to 4 mm above and below Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ). The samples were then loaded to fracture in the Universal Testing Machine, and the data were analysed using Independent sample t-test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: In comparison to the group 2, group 1 led to an increase in substantial tooth structure loss in the pericervical region. Among all surfaces, pericervical dentin loss was more pronounced on the lingual surface in the group 1 than in the group 2 (p-value <0.001). Higher fracture resistance was observed in group 2 (1136.75 N) compared to group 1 (687.22 N) under compressive load (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Incisal cavity design is a less invasive method of accessing maxillary central incisors that preserves pericervical dentin. Under compressive load, pericervical dentin conservation provided greater fracture resistance in the conservative group than in the conventional group.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to compare cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated rotary nickel titanium TruNatomy and ProTaper Gold with non-heat treated ProTaper Universal on simulated extremely curved root canal. Methodology: Thirty heat treated rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) files were used for analysis in this study. Ten NiTi files were distributed to each group with a size of 25 and taper of 0.04. Group A (control group): ProTaper Universal (PTU), Group B: ProTaper Gold F1(PTG), Group C: TruNatomy (TN). The cyclic fatigue of the NiTi instruments were evaluated using a custom-made experimental setup. NiTi files were tested within simulated 90-degree curvature canal in a metal block until the files were fractured. Number of cycles to failure (NCF) was then measured for each instrument. The one-way ANOVA test and Post hoc Tukey test was performed as statistical analysis to compare the cyclic fatigue of different rotary file. P < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Result: Group C (TruNatomy) showed the highest mean value which was statistically significant with Group A and Group B with P <0.001. Conclusion: Trunatomy showed the highest NCF & superior cyclic fatigue in simulated 90o curved canal than ProTaper Gold and ProTaper Universal.
Introduction: There are several reasons associated with vertical root fracture, from which biomechanical preparation can be considered as one of the predisposing factors which can increase the susceptibility to vertical root fracture. It depends upon the amount of forces used during the preparation and taper of the file systems used for the preparation. Aim: To compare vertical root fracture resistance of teeth prepared by four different rotary NiTi file systems. Materials and Methods: This was an in-vitro study conducted on 150 extracted mandibular premolars from September 2022 to November 2022. All the teeth were decoronated keeping the remaining root length of 13 mm. The roots were divided into five groups of 30 each. Group-1: Vortex blue, Group-2: Edge File X7, Group-3: Hyflex EDM, Group-4: ProTaper Gold, Group-5: Control Group. The roots were placed in silicon impression material to resemble periodontal ligament. All the root canals were negotiated to their terminus with stainless steel K Files except the control group. All teeth from each group were then prepared with their respective file systems and were obturated and sealed with composite. All the samples were then tested with a universal testing machine to evaluate the vertical root fracture. Compressive force was applied and the load necessary to fracture was recorded in newtons. Statistical analysis was done using one-way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) followed by post-hoc Tukey test. Results: Fracture resistance of Group-5 (Control group) was the highest (522.789±98.79215), followed by Group-1 (Vortex blue) (457.964±37.75982) whereas Group-4 (ProTaper Gold) showed least resistance (349.445±33.62643). The fracture resistance of Vortex blue file system showed significant difference when compared to Hyflex EDM and ProTaper Gold file systems (p<0.001). Conclusion: The maximum amount of force needed to fracture the samples were prepared with vortex blue file while ProTaper Gold file shows minimum amount of force needed to fracture the sample.
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