Background Elective surgery cancellation is considered a fundamental problem in health care services—it causes considerable disruption to patient flow, further eroding often already stretched operating capacity, and consequentially reduces both hospital performance and patient satisfaction. This research presents a systematic review (SR) of the reasons for surgery cancellation among different hospitals and countries. By highlighting these causes, we identify how to reduce cancellations thereby improving the use of surgical capacity and resources and create a more predicable patient flow. Methods A systematic review was performed on elective surgery cancellation in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and assessing the methodological quality of systematic review with Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) guidelines. Results There are different reasons for surgery cancellation that vary between hospitals. This SR demonstrates that hospital-related causes (e.g., unavailable operation room time, inappropriate scheduling policy, lack of beds) are the primary reason for surgery cancellation, followed by work-up related causes (e.g., medically unfit, changes in the treatment plan), and patient-related causes (e.g., absence of a patient, patient refusal). Conclusion This review demonstrates the main causes for surgery cancellation can be controlled by hospital managers, who can aim to improve areas such as patient flow and capacity management. Ultimately, this will improve the quality of healthcare delivered by hospitals.

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Investment in the innovation of environmental sustainability in construction has been encouraged due to the industry's resource-intensity. However, it remains unclear how to convince shareholders and construction companies to invest in environmental innovations.This research used the event study method with a sample of 129 announcements in the construction industry from 2011 to 2017 to investigate the relationship between incremental environmental sustainability innovation and the stock market reactions of construction firms.The research finds evidence that the stock market reaction has a strong positive relationship with these announcements. There is also evidence for a relationship between strategic alliance, capital turnover, and the project start date with the stock market reaction. The results provide insight into the benefits of incremental innovations in the construction industry and extend the literature of environmental sustainability innovation by considering contributing factors that affect the relationship between environmental sustainability innovation and firm performance. They provide a useful reference for shareholders to integrate environmental sustainability innovation into their business strategies and allocate their resources more efficiently.

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