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A field experiment was carried out on saline sandy clay loam soil at Gelbana Village District Sahl-el Tina, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt during two successive winter seasons (2013/2014 and 2014/2015) to study the effect of amino acids (A) , humic substances (H) and amino humate (AH) on soil chemical properties along with nutritional status and productivity of wheat grown under salinity stress condition, using a complete randomized block design with three replicates. The soil was irrigated from El-Salam Canal (a mixture of Nile and agricultural drainage water) .Two rates of amino acids (5Lfed -1 ) and (10 Lfed -1 ) along with two rates of humic substances (5Lfed -1 ) and (10 Lfed -1 ) as well as two rates of amino humate (5Lfed -1 ) and(10 Lfed -1 ) were applied. Results indicated that pH values of the soil after harvesting were slightly decreased as affected by all studied treatments for both tested seasons. Values of EC and ESP were, however, positively affected being with lowest EC values recorded in presence of humic substances (H2) treatment at both tested seasons. Positive response was detected for each of CEC, O.M, nutrient availability in soil after harvesting as well as content of (N,P and K) for straw and grains, the second rate of amino acid (A2) giving the highest values of available N followed by the second rate of amino humate (AH2); as well as the high rate of humic substances (H2) was more responded for increasing P , K availability followed by the second rate of amino humate (AH2). Generally, applied treatments increased significantly soil micronutrients (Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu) availability as compared to control treatment at both studied seasons; increasing the rate of applied amino acids and humic substances caused a significant gradual increase for both studied seasons under investigation. Amino humate (AH2) treatment gave the highest values of (N, P and K) content of grains and straw for wheat at both studied seasons as compared to (AH1) treatment. K/ Na ratio increased gradually by increasing the rate of applied treatments; such positive effect of both tested seasons may be arranged in descending order : amino-humate2> amino acid 2> humic sub. 2 > amino-humate1> amino acid 1> humic sub 1 as compared to control. Increasing the rate each of amino acids and humic substances caused a significant gradual increase in straw and grains of wheat for both studied seasons ; humic sub.( H2 ) was superior as compared with amino acid (A1 ) which was the inferior. The application of humic sub.(H2) recorded a relatively superior in yield percentage components of wheat crop as compared to control. Amino humate 2 was effective on both yield components of straw and grains as compared to ( amino humate1) for both studied season. Protein and proline content s increased significantly in presence of both amino acids and humic substances along with their combination (amino humate ) as compared to control , the high rate of amino acids (A2) being more effective. Leaf total chlorophyll content (A, B and A+B) increased gr...

A field experiment was carried out for two successive seasons (winter season 2013/2014 and summer season 2014) on sandy soil at Ismailia Agric. Res. Station , Ismailia Governorate, Egypt (Latitude, 30 o 35' 41.901" N and longitude, 32 o 16' 45.834" E) to investigate the utilization of vinasse and feldspar as alternative sources of potassium fertilizers on crop yield (pea and peanut), nutritional status and some soil properties. Two rates of vinasse V1 (75%) and V2 (100%) and two rates of feldspar mineral F1 (75%) and F2 (100%) from the recommended dose of potassium were used to complete the recommended dose of K fertilizers for pea and peanut crops, combination application of vinasse and feldspare were added as follow; (25 % V+ 75% F), (50% V + 50% F) and (75% V+ 25% F). Results show that available N, P and K in soil increased significantly by increasing the rate of applied vinasse and feldspar mineral. The superior treatment was (75% V + 25 %F), while, the pH values of soil and those of EC and OM % increased. The highest values of EC and OM % being recorded with vinasse (V2) and vinasse combined with feldspar (75% V+ 25% F). Total phenols values increased gradually by increasing the rate of vinasse, as compared to control treatment and decreased gradually with depth, the highest values of total phenols were recorded for the soil surface layer in presence of 100% vinasse alone followed by vinasse combined with feldspar. At the same time, the partially use of vinasse as a K fertilization in sandy soils is not causing any bioaccumulation of phenol compounds in sub soil layers. Results indicated that value of field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP) and available water (AW) increased by application of vinasse and feldspar mineral compared to control treatment at both studied seasons. Also data demonstrated that increasing rates of vinasse and feldspar mineral significantly increased (FC), (WP) and (AW) values. The high rate of vinasse (V2) and feldspar mineral (F2) being superior. Moreover, application of vinasse at rate 75% combined with feldspar at rate 25 % had recorded the highest values of soil moisture characteristics (FC, WP and AW). Moreover, application of vinasse at a rate of 75% combined with feldspar at a rate of 25 % had recorded the highest values of yield components as well as (N, P and K) total contents of grains and straw for both pea and peanut crops as compared to either control or other treatments. The application of vinasse combined with feldspar mineral (75% V+ 25%F) could be considered as a replacement for K-mineral fertilizers in sandy soils.

A field experiment (randomized complete blocks with three replicates) was conducted during two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 at Sahl El-Houssinia Agriculture Research Station in El-Shakia Governorate, Egypt. Its lies between 32˚00/00 to 32˚15/00/ N latitude and 30˚50 / 00// to 31˚15 00// E longitude. The combined effect of bio-fertilizers inoculated with Rhizobium radiobacter sp strain (salt tolerant PGPR); Bacillus megatherium (dissolving phosphate) and Bacillus circulans (enhancing potassium availability) and yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) combined with different rates of N, P and K fertilizers (50, 75 and 100%) was evaluated on some soil properties, nutrient content in rice plants, and rice productivity in a reclaimed saline soil. From the crop field of the Agricultural Research Institute (ARC), Egypt, 101 grain kernels from rice (Oryza sativa) var. Sakha were selected.   The results indicated that soil pH and EC were decreased in soil treated with bio-fertilizers combined with different rates of mineral fertilizers in comparison with soil treated with yeast and control. Available N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in the soil increased with the use of bio-fertilizers. Application of mineral fertilizers (N, P and K) alone or combined with bio-fertilizers (bacteria and yeast) resulted in increased yield grains and straw of rice plant. Macro- and micronutrients concentrations and uptake in grain and straw of rice plants increased in soil treated with bacteria + 75% N+P+K fertilizers compared with other treatments.

A field experiment was carried out at El-Ismailia Agriculture Research Station Farm located at 30° 35´41.9" N Latitude and 32° 16´ 45.8" E longitude in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was planted during summer season 2013 and carrot ( Daucus Carota) was planted during winter season (2013-2014) on sandy soil under drip irrigation system in order to agronomic evaluate the use of diluted vinasse, a by-product from sugar industries, as a potassium fertilizer source to reduce the potassium mineral fertilizers and monitoring the movement of phenols through the soil profile layers.Potassium mineral fertilizers were added with four rates , Zero, 50 ,75 and 100 % (K1,K2,K3 and K4) from the recommended dose , combined with five levels from the diluted vinasse 0, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20 % (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5), respectively.Data revealed that the use of diluted vinasse along with applied K-mineral fertilizers rates show significant decrease in pH values by increasing the concentration of both vinasse and K-mineral fertilizers. O.M, availability of N, P and K along with total phenols values, generally were also generally increased by increasing the concentration of vinasse, in presence of different rates of potassium mineral fertilizers especially for the soil surface layers as compared to sub soil layer. Treatment of K (75 %) combined with C (20%) was superior for availability of N, P and K as compared to vinasse only and other treatments for both tested crops . Total uptake of N, P, K (kg fed -1 along with yield components of both tested crops increased gradually by increasing the concentration of vinasse from C1 to C5 and K from K1 up to K3, then the values slightly decreased with K4 as compared to the other treatments.Interaction analysis revealed that N, P, K total uptake and total yield components for peanut (straw, seeds) and carrot (shoots, roots) recorded the highest values due to applying 75 % from the mineral K-fertilizers combined with diluted vinasse (20%) as compared to the control and other treatments; the lowest values of N, P and K uptake were recorded with control treatment (vinasse only).Finally, the application of diluted vinasse to sandy soils has added significant amounts of nutrients especially K as well as organic matter which improved soil chemical properties, nutritional status and crop yield. So, 25% from the potassium mineral fertilizer required for either peanut or carrot can be reduced by the use of diluted vinasse (20%). Moreover the use of diluted vinasse is safty for environment which did not cause any bioaccumulation of phenol compounds in sandy soils and thus the phenolic components, as expected, not contaminating the sub soil layer and ground water.

A field experiment was carried out for two successive seasons (summer season 2017 and winter season 2017/2018) on sandy soil at Ismailia Agric. Res. Station, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt (Latitude, 30˚35' 41.901" N and longitude, 32˚16' 45.834" E) cultivated with sesame and wheat crops respectively, to highlight the effect of applying natural minerals and synthetic soil conditioners alone or in combined on some sandy soil properties and productivity of sesame and wheat crops. Three natural clay minerals (bentonite, vermiculite and zeolite) were added at the rate of 2 ton fed-1. Alone or in combination with three synthetic soil conditioners; hydrogel (HG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) which were added at the rate of 6 Kg fed-1. Results indicated that application of natural minerals and synthetic soil conditioners alone or in combination increased significantly values of soil moisture characteristics (field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water(AW), total porosity(TP)), soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat. Bentonite being superior as compared to other clay minerals for increasing (FC), (WP), (AW),(TP), EC values , soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat followed by vermiculite and zeolite while values of soil reaction decreased slightly as compared to control. As for the effect of synthetic soil conditioners, application of synthetic soil conditioners significantly increased total porosity (TP), field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), available water (AW), EC values, soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat while pH values decreased as compared to control especially in presence of hydrogel combined with bentonite. Bentonite combined with hydrogel recorded the highest values of soil moisture characteristics (FC, WP and AW), TP, EC values, soil nutrients availability (N, P and K), yield components and total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) in straw, seeds and grains of sesame and wheat. While the inferior treatment values were zeolite combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

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