Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the remineralizing effect of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and calcium fluoride (CaF 2) nanoparticles incorporated in two-step self etch-adhesives (in vivo). Materials and Methods: The nanoparticles were incorporated into the bond of Clearfil TM SE Bond at a mass fraction of 10%. A total of ten patients in the age range of 17-30 years old, having at least 3 carious lower molars, were enrolled in this study (split mouth design). Class I cavity preparation was performed, leaving the caries affected dentine at the pulpal floor. The 30 molars were divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the type of adhesive used (A); namely: self-etch adhesive, Clearfil SE Bond (Control)(A 1), Clear Fill SE Bond incorporated with ACP NPs (A 2) and Clearfil SE Bond incorporated with CaF 2 NPs (A 3). After restoration placement, each tooth was radiographically evaluated at baseline (I 0), after 1 month (I 1) and after 3 months (I 2) to assess the remineralizing effect of the adhesive systems used. Results: The adhesive containing ACP nanoparticles induced the highest remineralization potential during all the study intervals, followed by the adhesive containing (CaF 2) nanoparticles. Conclusion: nanoparticles are capable of remineralizing the caries affected dentin when incorporated into two-step self etch adhesive.
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