The Remineralizing Effect of Incorporating Ca-Phosphate and Ca-Fluoride Nanoparticles into the Self-Etch Adhesives Used in Restoring Class I Cavities

Abstract

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the remineralizing effect of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and calcium fluoride (CaF 2) nanoparticles incorporated in two-step self etch-adhesives (in vivo). Materials and Methods: The nanoparticles were incorporated into the bond of Clearfil TM SE Bond at a mass fraction of 10%. A total of ten patients in the age range of 17-30 years old, having at least 3 carious lower molars, were enrolled in this study (split mouth design). Class I cavity preparation was performed, leaving the caries affected dentine at the pulpal floor. The 30 molars were divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the type of adhesive used (A); namely: self-etch adhesive, Clearfil SE Bond (Control)(A 1), Clear Fill SE Bond incorporated with ACP NPs (A 2) and Clearfil SE Bond incorporated with CaF 2 NPs (A 3). After restoration placement, each tooth was radiographically evaluated at baseline (I 0), after 1 month (I 1) and after 3 months (I 2) to assess the remineralizing effect of the adhesive systems used. Results: The adhesive containing ACP nanoparticles induced the highest remineralization potential during all the study intervals, followed by the adhesive containing (CaF 2) nanoparticles. Conclusion: nanoparticles are capable of remineralizing the caries affected dentin when incorporated into two-step self etch adhesive.

Adhesive bond integrity of Y‐TZP post with calcium fluoride infiltrated resin dentin adhesive: An SEM, EDX, FTIR and micro‐Raman study

“…5,11,12 A previous study used CaF 2 nanoparticle fillers in the adhesive and reported remineralization of caries-affected dentin. 13 In another study, Mitwalli et al also witnessed and demonstrated that CaF 2 containing nanocomposites revealed resilient antibacterial and ion releasing properties without any significant effect exerted on the material's mechanical properties. 14 Thus, it can be anticipated that CaF 2 as a filler would improve dentin adhesives' properties.…”

Biological Pulp Response of Pulpine, Polyamidoamine Dendrimer and Their Combination in Dogs and their Remineralizing Effect on Carious Affected Human Dentin: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…In the current study, single visit caries excavation leaving only caries affected dentin at the cavity floor was performed as this approach has a lower risk for pulp exposure than two-visit selective caries excavation and enables the affected dentin at the cavity floor to be mineralized (10,21) . Caries detector dye was used as it has been shown to be useful in the detection and removal of caries affected dentin (22) .…”

Synergistic Effect of Bioactive Inorganic Fillers in Enhancing Properties of Dentin Adhesives—A Review

“…CaF 2 nanoparticles reinforce many properties of DAs, but they are largely based on their remineralization capabilities and antibacterial potential. Essam et al previously incorporated CaF 2 nanoparticles in two-step self-etch adhesives in an in vivo study and reported that due to the presence of these filler particles, remineralization of the caries-affected dentin was noticed [ 65 ]. The incorporation of CaF 2 nanoparticles possessing high surface area in dental composites results in overall high levels of fluoride and calcium ions, even at low filler concentration [ 66 ].…”