The effect of five insecticides, Profect (w.p.), CAPL-2, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Spinosad, and Fenitrothion (Sumithon) on the immature stages of the first and the second generations of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens was studied in laboratory at 25 ± 1 0 C, 65± 5% R.H. and 12:12 L:D. The study was carried out on parasitized eggs one, two, four and eight days post parasitism. Results showed that: 1) Longevity of the emerged parasitoid was affected by the tested insecticides. The recorded values of the adult longevity emerged from treated eggs ranged from 12 hrs to 7 days (for females) and from 12 hrs to 4 days (for males). Treating eggs with chemical insecticides caused death of the emerged adults within few hours post emergence when the treatment was carried out 4 days post parasitism or one day before adult emergence. 2). The number of host eggs turned to black (the parasitoid larvae developed to pupae) varied according to timing of treatment. 3). Adult emergence rate varied according to the used insecticide, the parasitoid stage and the generation. 4) No parasitoids emerged from parasitized eggs treated with CAPL-2. 5). There was no emergence for the parasitoid treated with Lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, and fenitrothion (Sumithon) one, two or four days after parasitism. However, emergence was recorded with very low percentages when the eggs were treated 24 hrs before parasitoid emergence. 6) Female percentage slightly decreased in the adults emerged from paeasitized eggs treated with chemicals.

A study purposed to evaluate the acute residual toxicity of six insecticides (different groups); Dursban and Malathion (OP), Chess (Selective feeding broker), Spintor (bioinsecticide), Biogard: (Bacillus thuringiensis) (bacteria), and Biover: (fungus) on immature stages of the predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) was carried out under laboratory conditions. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of the tested insecticides (4 concentrations each) on the development of the eggs (3 ages) and the 2 nd instar larvae of the predator were assayed. The eggs were treated using the dipping method, while the larvae were treated using the residual film contact method. LC 50 , LC 90, LC 99 and the sub-lethal concentration (LC 20) for each insecticide were estimated. Hatchability values, percentages of the treated eggs as well as percentages of larvae were calculated. Pupation and adult emergence percentages were estimated and compared with those of the untreated check to study the residual effect on the treated larvae, using LC 20 of each insecticide. The dose-mortality responses of the eggs were compared in terms of differences in slopes and LC 50 values. Data showed that the 3-day old eggs were more tolerant to the tested insecticides than the newly ones. The mean mortality percentages of treated larvae were: 100, 100, 55, 50, and 20% for Dursban, Malathion, Biogard, Chess and Spintor, respectively. According to the classification of (IOBC/WPRS), Dursban and Malathion were classified as harmful insecticides, Biogard and Chess as moderately harmful, and Spintor as harmless insecticde. C. carnea larvae showed a relative tolerance to the insecticides tested as they pupated and developed successfully to the adult stage. The highest larval mortality (24%) was recorded for Dursban, while the lowest one (18%) was for Spintor compared with (10%) for the control. Statistical analysis of accumulated larval mortality indicated that there were insignificant differences among the mortality percentages in any of the studied insecticides and also between the treated larvae with each insecticide and the control. Spintor was the most suitable insecticide recommended to be used in IPM programs as it is safe for different stages of C. carnea.

www.eajbs.eg.net Laboratory Evaluation of the Effect of Insecticides on Non-target Organisms: 2-The egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens West.

http://eajbsa.journals.ekb.eg/ Compatibility of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauvaria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchn) Sorokin Isolates with Different Agrochemicals Commonly Used in Vineyards.

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