Soil moisture volume is the greatest attribute of soil. Irrigated farms rely on controlling the two fundamental raw materials; water and soil. Putting excessive water enlarges the pumping costs, decreasing the water effects to the soil, and cause contamination or pollutant. The study aims to develop an irrigation water management system that controls the volume and frequency of irrigation water applied to the soil and to use low-cost sensor device that measures the soil moisture level accurately like the high price sensor in the market. The FC-28 soil moisture sensor was also validated conducting (60) sixty trials with different soil and the readings are the same for soil moisture measurement devices in the market. Based on the testing, the whole system resulted in a 100% success rate in system and functionality testing. This study proves that the automatic irrigation system controlled by soil moisture sensor is efficiently and accurately.
Many kinds of research focused on the flood detection and monitoring, flood management, flood risk management and flood forecasting in urban areas, wherein a large number of populations lies chaos in mobility is high. Owing to natural disasters, flooding in these regions can lead to an increase in mortality rates. This project is primarily focused on the detection of a flood by installing a flood detector device with a camera beside the bridge column. The camera is facing the three lines with different colors. If one of the colors was tempered by the river water, the device will send an alarm to the community that the water level in the river is high. This aims to alert the community and the authorities to be aware and be ready for the approaching flood. Flood-Level Detection and Alert System proved 87.1%, 73.6%, and 95.69% testing accuracy of Green, Blue, and Red respectively. Overall, the accuracy of the whole system produced 85.46%.
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