Organometallic chemistry and biochemistry have been merged in the last two decades into a new field: bioorganometallic chemistry. This new research area was devoted to the synthesis of new organometallic compounds and their biological and medical effects against some types of diseases, such as cancer and malaria. For several years, the use of ferrocene in bioorganometallic chemistry has been growing rapidly, and several promising applications have been developed since ferrocene is a stable, nontoxic compound and has good redox properties. This review will focus on ferrocenyl compounds which have been biologically evaluated against certain diseases. This area has attracted many researchers due to the promising results of some ferrocene compounds in the medicinal applications.
A hydrazone ligand (HL) containing the thiophene moiety has been prepared via condensation of thiophene-2-carbohydrazide with 1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde. The complexes of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II), manganese(II), zinc(II), palladium(II), iron(III), ruthenium(III), uranyl(VI), and titanium(IV) with the ligand were prepared in good yield from the reaction of the ligand with the corresponding metal salts. The ligand and complexes were characterized using infrared, mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, electronic absorption spectra, electron spin resonance, and magnetic moment measurements as well as elemental and thermal analyses. The results showed that the complexes are enolic by nature, whilst the ratio between the metal ion and the ligand depends on the acidity of the metallic ions and their oxidation numbers.
Three lig ands have been formed by the 1:2 mo lar con den sa tion of o-phenylenediamine with salicyldhyde, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldhyde or o-hydroxyacetophenone. The po ten tially tetradentate lig ands are N,Nbis(salicyldhyde)-o-phenylenediamine (SalophH2), N,N -bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldhyde)-o-phenyl enediamine (NophH2) and N,N -bis(o-hydroxyacetophenone)-o-phenylenediamine (AophH2), re spec tively. These lig ands form com plexes (1:1 mo lar ra tio) with nickel, cop per and zinc ions. The com plexes have been char acter ized by IR, 1 H NMR, MS, uv/vis spec tra in ad di tion to el e men tal anal y sis. The spec tral data of the lig ands and their com plexes with nickel, cop per and zinc are dis cussed in con nec tion with the struc tural changes which oc cur due to complexation.
Novel copper metal organic framework nanoparticles Cu-MOF-NPs (C1) were prepared via two simple alternative methods and confirmed by analytical characterization using mass, IR, Raman, XRD spectrum, HR-TEM and TGA-DSC. Mass spectroscopy revealed the molecular ion peak at 647 m/z for the monomeric unit structure n[Cu(AIP)2(PIY)(H2O)2]·4H2O, the presence of which was further supported by mass fragmentation. The Raman spectrum revealed two separate peaks corresponding to D and G bands of carbon in the structure of C1. Moreover, TGA-DSC showed the presence of CuO. XRD data were typically consistent with Raman and TGA-DSC data. In addition, HR-TEM revealed that the morphology of the C1 nanoparticles is uniform with well-distributed elliptical/spherical particles with a size range from 7 to 19 nm. The spectrophotometric and biological activity studies based on Cu-MOF-NPs were analyzed. The results indicated that Cu-MOF-NPs (C1) were successfully used as biosensors for the assessment of the triiodothyronine hormone (T3). The calibration plot was achieved over the concentration range of 40.0-100.0 ng dl-1 T3 with limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 1.46 and 4.85 ng dl-1, respectively, and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.973. Moreover, the Cu-MOF-NPs (C1) show more enhanced biological activity against various pathogens (five strains of bacteria: Gram positive and Gram negative) when compared to an antibacterial agent and the effectiveness of Cu-MOF-NPs increases with increasing particle dose. The interactions of MOF-NPs (C1) with the biological targets were studied.
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