Justificativa e objetivo: Os antimicrobianos correspondem a uma classe de fármacos mundialmente empregados no tratamento de inúmeras patologias desencadeadas por microrganismos. Nos últimos anos, em decorrência do aumento da resistência bacteriana, principalmente por patógenos potencialmente nocivos para a saúde, têm-se despertado gradativamente a necessidade pela busca de novas substâncias com o intuito de conter as infecções desencadeadas nos ambientes hospitalares e na comunidade. Em razão disso, o desafio é a busca por novas pesquisas relativas às novas substâncias com atividades antimicrobianas ou sob a averiguação que demonstraram notória efetividade quando testados frente às bactérias, comparando-as aos já empregados. Conteúdo: A revisão bibliográfica, pertinente ao assunto, baseada em artigos publicados nas revistas indexadas no Scielo, Science Direct, Bireme, Medline e Pubmed, apontou novos estudos e evidenciaram que há novas substâncias em desenvolvimento ou já disponíveis com significativa atividade antimicrobiana capaz de reduzir, de forma seletiva, alguns microrganismos emergentes ou multirresistentes em um curto período de tempo, bem como ao longo prazo. Conclusão: Visto que há novas fontes naturais sendo exploradas e que podem contribuir para a síntese de novos fármacos com propriedades antimicrobianas, vislumbram-se novos antimicrobianos a serem inseridos no mercado e na prática clínica.
The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is used by millions of people as an alternative to gain time instead of using traditional banking systems in Brazil and ATMs are frequently localized in São Paulo city around the hospitals. However, ATMs might be potential devices for microbial accumulation and transmission in the community. The objective of the present study was to evaluate forty-two ATMs, in two hospital areas (A and B) in São Paulo city for the presence of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Samples were collected from biometric surfaces of the devices with sterile cotton swabs soaked in the sterile physiologic saline and were cultured on selective agar for yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria in the period of January 2017 to March 2018. Complementary biochemical tests were applied to confirm the bacteria and the taxonomic identification of molds was performed considering the morphological characteristics by microscopic observation. Our results suggest that the biometric surfaces in ATMs is an important environmental source of microbes, once that the genera Staphylococcus was predominant in all agencies of both hospital areas (83.3%), following of Streptococcus spp. (57%) and Enterococcus spp. (50%). The group of Enterobacteriaceae (Gram negative bacilli) were most frequent in both areas studied (57%). Seven different fungi genera were isolated from ATMs in area A and B and yeasts were predominant in all samples collected (47%), comparing with filamentous fungi (23%). We conclude that biometric ATM surfaces play an important role in microbial transmission in hospital settings, and healthcare professionals should wash and disinfect their hands carefully before touching patients.
The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial contamination on surfaces of randomly selected Automated Teller Machine and their sensitivity to antibiotics in São Paulo city, Brazil. The swabs collected aseptically were inoculated in selective and non-selective media in triplicate and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. After Gram staining the isolated colonies, complementary biochemical tests were applied. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all isolates (15 Gram-positive bacteria and 7 Gram-negative bacteria) was determined using the Kirk Bauer method using chloramphenicol, clindamycin, norfloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline diffusion discs. All ATM surfaces tested were contaminated with at least one genus of bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (64%), Enterococcus spp. (28%) and Acinetobacter spp. (21%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (14%), Pseudomonas spp. in 12 (14%), Salmonella spp. (7%), Escherichia coli (7%). ATMs in the São Paulo metropolitan region were shown to be contaminated with bacteria that are resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. All Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated were multidrug-resistant, however, the strains were sensitive (S) or showed an intermediate response profile (I) to tetracycline, with the exception of three strains of Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, which were resistant to tetracycline. Norfloxacin and gentamicin showed resistance response profile to all bacteria. Based on these findings, it is recommended to perform hand washing and use of antiseptics after using ATMs.
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