Background: Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period in life cycle. This period is marked with onset of menarche. It is linked with several perceptions and practices, which sometimes results in adverse health outcomes. So, this study was carried out to assess practices of menstruation in adolescent girls, to find out its related problems and socio-cultural beliefs.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out during January-February 2018 in two schools of Udaipur using convenient sampling method with 440 sample size. Participants were adolescent girls of 9 to 12 standard. Girls were asked to fill a pre formed, pre tested semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Here 68.41% girls gave history of abdominal pain as premenstrual symptoms (PMS). School absenteeism was found 44.54% due to menstruation related problems. Sanitary Napkins were used by 50.22% girls. And 66.54% girls were using water to clean genitals during menstruation. Restriction from attending religious functions was high (91.59%). Associations of absorbents used by participants with absorbents used by their mothers and sisters were statistically significant.Conclusions: Abdominal pain was main PMS. Restrictions due to menstruation were very highly imposed. There were all chances that same types of the adsorbent were used by the adolescent girls, which were used by their mothers and sisters.
Introduction: An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis had occurred in Rajpara village of Bhavnagar district. The objective of this study was to find out the socio-demographic, epidemiological and environmental determinants of this outbreak.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Rajpara village among 238 cases of acute gastroenteritis and an equal number of controls in January 2015. Multiple logistic regression was used for identifying the variables independently predicting acute gastroenteritis.Results: Upper socio-economic status, occupation requiring travel outside village, source of drinking water from well of ‘new’ Rajpara village, change in taste of water, use of chlorine tablets, travel outside village in last week, another family member affected with acute gastroenteritis, using common utensil for hand washing, hand washing before eating, ate food from outside in last week, having sanitary latrine at house, waste disposal in a common dump (instead of at house), waste accumulation around house and flies inside house were significantly associated with occurrence of acute gastroenteritis. On multiple logistic regression, change in taste of water (P<0.001), waste disposal in a common dump (P=0.012), another family member been affected (P<0.001), waste accumulation around house (P<0.001), higher socio-economic status (P=0.002) and eating outside food (P=0.011) made a significant contribution to prediction.Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors (higher socio-economic status), epidemiological correlates (change in taste of water, another family member been affected with acute gastroenteritis and eating outside food) and environmental determinants (waste disposal in a common dump and waste accumulation around house) significantly determines the occurrence of cases of acute gastroenteritis. Keywords: case-control studies;diarrhea; epidemiologic determinants; gastroenteritis; social determinants of health. | PubMed
Background: Asthma is a common disease worldwide with significant ethnic and regional variations. This study will provide evidence about the prevalence of asthma and will highlight level of problem in community. The objective of the study was to estimate prevalence of asthma and determine the presence of environmental risk factors among children with asthma.Methods: This study was conducted in school-going children of standard 5 to 8 in Bhavnagar city in 2015. Sample size was 1428. All schools of Bhavnagar city were listed and required number of schools were selected randomly and approached for consent. Study forms were filled up by personal interview and physical examination followed by house to house visits. Data entry and analysis were done using software Epi info 7. Chi square test was calculated. Multiple logistic regression was carried out by backward step-wise Likelihood Ratio (LR) method. Adjusted OR for significant variable was then calculated.Results: Total prevalence of asthma was 9% (129/1428). Out of these, 61.18% were female and 38.82% were male children. It was found 36.43% in age group of 11 years and 47.3% in children of lower socio economic class. The adjusted odds ratio for male gender was 0.631 and for smoking were 2.353.Conclusions: Female children are 1.58 times more likely to develop asthma than male children. Children whose family members smoke are 2.35 times more likely to develop asthma.
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