Anomaly detection is an important aspect of data mining, where the main objective is to identify anomalous or unusual data from a given dataset. However, there is no formal categorization of application-specific anomaly detection techniques for big data and this ignites a confusion for the data miners. In this paper, we categorise anomaly detection techniques based on nearest neighbours, clustering and statistical approaches and investigate the performance analysis of these techniques in critical infrastructure applications such as SCADA systems. Extensive experimental analysis is conducted to compare representative algorithms from each of the categories using seven benchmark datasets (both real and simulated) in SCADA systems. The effectiveness of the representative algorithms is measured through a number of metrics. We highlighted the set of algorithms that are the best performing for SCADA systems.

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Consumers' confidence on the online transactions is vital for the continuous growth and development of electronic commerce. In this study, we experimentally investigate the measures of consumers' perceived security and privacy over online transactions as well as the perceived trust and reliability of online vendors in order to influence consumers' overall confidence in e-commerce transactions. On the basis of responses from 163 participants, it is concluded that the major concerns in e-commerce adoption are: security and privacy over online transaction process and trust and reliability of online vendors. In order to be successful in electronic marketplace, the organisations are expected to expend their resources and exert efforts to ensure that consumers' concerns are adequately addressed.

Abstract:Internet technology has been used by most of the organisations in the world today. One of the primary vehicles of information gathering and dissemination in today's world is organisational website. This research evaluates the performance of the present TV3 (a popular private television station in Malaysia) website. By means of an online survey and a few focus group discussions, it also identifies the website viewer requirements and their corresponding importance level. Subsequently, the technical requirements are identified that can fulfill the viewer requirements. A House of Quality (HOQ) is built to find the relationship between the viewer and technical requirements. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) exercise provides the prioritised technical requirements, which is expected to guide the TV3 website development and maintenance team in its future website redesigning project. The findings of the research are also expected to provide some insight in other organisations in similar need.

A flexible snake robot has better navigation ability compare with the existing electrical motor-based rigid snake robot, due to its excellent bending capability during navigation inside a narrow maze. This paper discusses the modelling, simulation and experiment of a flexible snake robot. The modelling consists of the kinematic analysis and the dynamic analysis of the snake robot. A platform based on the Incompletely Restrained Positioning Mechanism (IRPM) is proposed, which uses the external force provided by a compliant flexible beam in each of the actuators. The compliant central column allows the configuration to achieve three degrees of freedom (3DOFs) with three tendons. The proposed flexible snake robot has been built using smart material, such as electroactive polymers (EAPs), which can be activated by applying power to it. Finally, the physical prototype of the snake robot has been built. An experiment has been performed in order to justify the proposed model.

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Problem statement: Wheeled robots are not very well suited for navigation over uneven terrains. Hexapod robots have some advantages over wheeled robots when negotiating and navigating on rugged terrain. Approach: Different gaits of hexapods can be developed for different kinds of locomotion and obstacle avoidance. Results: In this research a novel algorithm has been developed for hexapod robots navigation. Conclusion: Implementation of the developed algorithm on a hexapod prototype showed desirable performance in terms of stable navigation with simultaneous gait transition over different terrains