Although the Internet of Things (IoT) can increase efficiency and productivity through intelligent and remote management, it also increases the risk of cyber-attacks. The potential threats to IoT applications and the need to reduce risk have recently become an interesting research topic. It is crucial that effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) tailored to IoT applications be developed. Such IDSs require an updated and representative IoT dataset for training and evaluation. However, there is a lack of benchmark IoT and IIoT datasets for assessing IDSs-enabled IoT systems. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a new data-driven IoT/IIoT dataset with the ground truth that incorporates a label feature indicating normal and attack classes, as well as a type feature indicating the sub-classes of attacks targeting IoT/IIoT applications for multi-classification problems. The proposed dataset, which is named TON_IoT, includes Telemetry data of IoT/IIoT services, as well as Operating Systems logs and Network traffic of IoT network, collected from a realistic representation of a medium-scale network at the Cyber Range and IoT Labs at the UNSW Canberra (Australia). This paper also describes the proposed dataset of the Telemetry data of IoT/IIoT services and their characteristics. TON_IoT has various advantages that are currently lacking in the state-of-the-art datasets: i) it has various normal and attack events for different IoT/IIoT services, and ii) it includes heterogeneous data sources. We evaluated the performance of several popular Machine Learning (ML) methods and a Deep Learning model in both binary and multi-class classification problems for intrusion detection purposes using the proposed Telemetry dataset.

The Internet of Things (IoT) applications has grown in exorbitant numbers, generating a large amount of data required for intelligent data processing. However, the varying IoT infrastructures (i.e. cloud, edge, fog) and the limitations of the IoT application layer protocols in transmitting/receiving messages become the barriers in creating intelligent IoT applications. These barriers prevent current intelligent IoT applications to adaptively learn from other IoT applications. In this paper, we critically review how IoT-generated data is processed for machine learning analysis, and highlight the current challenges in furthering intelligent solutions in the IoT environment. Furthermore, we propose a framework to enable IoT applications to adaptively learn from other IoT applications, and present a case study in how the framework can be applied to the real studies in the literature. Finally, we discuss the key factors that have an impact on future intelligent applications for the IoT.

The false data injection (FDI) attack cannot be detected by the traditional anomaly detection techniques used in the energy system state estimators. In this paper, we demonstrate how FDI attacks can be constructed blindly, i.e., without system knowledge; including topological connectivity and line reactance information. Our analysis reveal that existing FDI attacks become detectable (consequently unsuccessful) by the state estimator if the data contains grossly corrupted measurements such as device malfunction and communication errors. The proposed sparse optimization based stealthy attacks construction strategy overcomes this limitation by separating the gross errors from the measurement matrix. Extensive theoretical modelling and experimental evaluation show that the proposed technique performs more stealthily (has less relative error) and efficiently (fast enough to maintain time requirement) compared to other methods on IEEE benchmark test systems.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in Australia with crude incidence rates increasing drastically from 62.8 at ages 35-39 to 271.4 at ages 50-54 (cases per 100,000 women). Various researchers have proposed methods and tools based on Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks for assessing mammographic images, but these methods have produced detection and interpretation errors resulting in false-positive and false-negative cases when used in the real world. We believe that this problem can potentially be resolved by implementing effective image pre-processing techniques to create training data for Deep-CNN. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to propose effective image preprocessing methods to create datasets that can save computational time for the neural network and improve accuracy and classification rates. To do so, this research proposes methods for background removal, pectoral muscle removal, adding noise to the images, and image enhancements. Adding noise without affecting the quality of details in the images makes the input images for the neural network more representative, which may improve the performance of the neural network model when used in the real world. The proposed method for background removal is the "Rolling Ball Algorithm" and "Huang's Fuzzy Thresholding", which succeed in removing background from 100% of the images. For pectoral muscle removal "Canny Edge Detection" and "Hough's Line Transform" are used, which removed muscle from 99.06% of the images. "Invert", "CTI_RAS" and "ISOCONTOUR" lookup tables (LUTs) were used for image enhancements to outline the ROIs and regions within the ROIs.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted the entire world today and stalled off regular human activities in such an unprecedented way that it will have an unforgettable footprint on the history of mankind. Different countries have adopted numerous measures to build resilience against this life-threatening disease. However, the highly contagious nature of this pandemic has challenged the traditional healthcare and treatment practices. Thus, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) open up new mechanisms for effective healthcare during this pandemic. AI and ML can be useful for medicine development, designing efficient diagnosis strategies and producing predictions of the disease spread. These applications are highly dependent on real-time monitoring of the patients and effective coordination of the information, where the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a key role. IoT can also help with applications such as automated drug delivery, responding to patient queries, and tracking the causes of disease spread. This paper represents a comprehensive analysis of the potential AI, ML, and IoT technologies for defending against the COVID-19 pandemic. The existing and potential applications of AI, ML, and IoT, along with a detailed analysis of the enabling tools and techniques are outlined. A critical discussion on the risks and limitations of the aforementioned technologies are also included.

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Anomaly detection is an important aspect of data mining, where the main objective is to identify anomalous or unusual data from a given dataset. However, there is no formal categorization of application-specific anomaly detection techniques for big data and this ignites a confusion for the data miners. In this paper, we categorise anomaly detection techniques based on nearest neighbours, clustering and statistical approaches and investigate the performance analysis of these techniques in critical infrastructure applications such as SCADA systems. Extensive experimental analysis is conducted to compare representative algorithms from each of the categories using seven benchmark datasets (both real and simulated) in SCADA systems. The effectiveness of the representative algorithms is measured through a number of metrics. We highlighted the set of algorithms that are the best performing for SCADA systems.

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