This study aims to analyze fatal accident rate involving all vehicle types in the North East District of Penang. It covers fatal accident data within the duration of three years from 2011 till 2013. The primary objective is to analyze the spatial pattern and fatal accident black spot areas using Geographic Information System (GIS) application. Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) tool is used to analyze fatal accident spatial pattern, while Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method is utilized for fatal accident analysis. The Fatal Accident rates in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were the highest with each accounted up to 90, 88 and 91 cases. The result of ANN shows that the fatal accident pattern for 2011, 2012 and 2013 is clustered with null hypothesis rejected. The KDE analysis result shows that most fatal accident black spot areas happened at main road areas or segments.
Jenayah harta benda merupakan kategori jenayah indeks yang lebih kerap dilaporkan berlaku di Malaysia berbanding jenayah kekerasan. Kuching antara daerah yang mencatat kes jenayah harta benda tertinggi berbanding daerah-daerah lain di Sarawak dalam tempoh 2015-2017. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda di Kuching, Sarawak. Hipotesis null kajian ini ialah tiada pengelompokan ruangan yang wujud bagi nilai-nilai yang serupa. Dalam kajian ini data jenayah harta benda 2015-2017 telah dianalisis menggunakan Getis-Ord Gi* melalui aplikasi ArcMap 10.3. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat 5 sektor balai yang diklasikasifikasikan sebagai kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda dalam tempoh dua tahun iaitu 2015 hingga 2016 yang melibatkan sektor di bawah pengawasan balai polis Gita, Satok dan Sekama. Pada tahun berikutnya iaitu tahun 2017 analisis mendapati kawasan hot spot telah berkurang kepada 4 sektor hot spot iaitu di bawah pengawasan balai polis Gita, Sekama dan Padungan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa analisis Getis-Ord Gi* adalah sesuai untuk mengenal pasti isu yang ingin dikaji kerana teknik ini membantu mengesan kawasan hot spot yang mempunyai nilai yang signifikan secara statistik. Melalui kajian ini kawasan hot spot jenayah harta benda di Kuching Sarawak dapat dikenalpasti yang sekali gus membolehkan pihak Polis Di Raja Malaysia (PDRM) dan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan (PBT) mengambil tindakan bagi mencegah jenayah harta benda di kawasan hot spot serta dapat mewujudkan sebuah bandar yang selamat didiami. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga membantu mendedahkan perubahan hot spot jenayah harta benda dan membolehkan penilaian ke atas keberkesanan langkah-langkah pencegahan jenayah di kawasan kajian.
This study is based on property crime cases in the Northeast of Penang using GIS application for crime prevention. Studies based on the spatial elements showed that GIS application was able to reduce the crime issues. The purpose of this study is to identify the hotspots of home burglary based on time incident in Penang using GIS spatial statistics. Based on the report of house burglary cases from 2013 until 2015. Getis Ord Gi* was used to identify the high-risk areas of home burglary cases based on z-scores and p-values. The analysis shows that the areas of the hot spot cases of home burglary are the same for night and day incidents. In 2013, the hot spot areas at night were 7 areas, and during the day only 1 incident was identified. Hot spot increases in 2014 to 9 areas for nighttime incidents while daytime events also increased to 10 areas. While 2015 showed that the number of hot spots that occurred at night reduced to 5 areas and daytime incidents also recorded the same number of hot spots during the night incidents. Hot spot areas also frequently identified in urban areas and high population density such as Jelutong, Dato Keramat, Tanjung Tokong dan Sungai Nibong. The result showed that hotspots of home burglary are more concentrated in residential areas with good road network accessibility. This study can assist the authorities such as the Royal Malaysia Police (RPM) in preventing and reducing the crime index by using GIS applications.
This study to identify the relationship between dependent and independent variables as well as the spatial correlation between drug abuse cases and home burglary cases in Northeast District of Penang. The OLS regression was used to examine the relationship between the home burglary cases and drug abuse as well as the spatial correlation of drug abuse and home burglary cases based on Moran’s I. The increase of home burglary cases was proportional to the increase the number of cases in local drug abuse. In spatial context, the drug abuse and home burglary cases showed a positive correlation. Plus, this indicated that the spatial relationship between the two cases were proportional. The use of GIS application helps the authorities such as AADK, PDRM and local authorities to understand crime and drug abuse in time-space context. The space elements emphasized the issues related to drug and crimes, and assisting relevant authorities in strategy planning to reduce crime index and drug problems. GIS is used to conduct research on locations or spaces and new approaches to assist authorities in making decisions and strategies related to crime and drugs.
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