This paper presents a study on friction stir processed 1100 aluminum withincorporation of rice huskash derived, amorphous silica particles and fabricated at different tool rotational speeds. During friction stirring amorphous silica powder was placed into a groove made in the joining line of Al 1100 plates. Friction stirringwas performed with clockwise tool rotational speeds of 600 rpm, 865 rpm, 1140 rpm or 1500 rpm with a constant 45 mm/min travelling speed and a 2° tilt angle. High rotational speed (1140 rpm) facilitated material flow in the stir zone, contributing to fine aluminum matrix grain size (30-10µm) as a result of dynamic recrystallization. Stirring at this rotational speed also caused the fracturingrelated refinement of silica particles to 10µm particle sizethat isassociated with good distribution in the aluminum matrix. Reduction in wear rate of friction stir processed Al1100 with improved hardness was believed to be due to the presence of hard silicawith high interfacial strength and high hardness of recrystallized aluminum grains in the stir zone.
This paper presents a development of a composite using friction stir process of AA606-T6 aluminum alloy reinforced with amorphous silica obtained from rice husk ash. The amorphous silica was produced after acid leaching and calcinations at 500°C. The silica powder was placed into a groove made in the joining line of AA606-T6 plates prior to friction stir process. Hard silica particles restricted the grain growth of aluminum matrix that contributed to a slight increase in hardness. Hardness decreases in zones under the tool was observed because AA6061-T6 alloy was sensitive to friction heat generated by the tool. Ageing at 200°C increased the hardness of the aluminum in the friction stir process zones.
Copper is well known as a valuable material, particularly for electrical industries due to its excellent properties. Besides, the price for copper scrap is also higher in comparison with other metal scrap materials found in many electrical appliances such as computer equipment, electric motor, transformer, and other components. This paper describes the potential of recycled copper wire shaped into a form suitable for heat sink application. The samples of wire mesh for this research were fabricated by compacting copper wire with different weight. Compaction was done to form a cylindrical shape with a diameter and height of approximately 25 mm and 30 mm, respectively. These samples were evaluated for porosity, thermal conductivity, and permeability. The experimental results showed that the sample with the lowest porosity exhibited great promising conductivity. In addition, lowering the amount of copper wire in compaction resulted in low density, thus improved its lightweight properties. The greater amount of porosity resulted in greater permeability. The optimum properties with a combination of the excellent thermal conductivity and permeability are necessary for heat sink application to ensure that the parts work effectively.
The purpose of this paper is to show the effect of different preheating’s temperature for different thickness of AISI 1045 before it was welded by using Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). The temperature of preheating approach that will be use are 200oC, 250oC and 300oC and were applied to pair of base plate metal with different thickness of 16mm, 22mm and 28mm. Then the pair samples had been welded by using Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). To monitoring the temperature, non-contact type instrument which is thermomapping was used in this study. Time was recorded after preheating was applied and then was stopped when the desired temperature has been obtained. As to evaluate the weld quality, the macrostructure observation, dye penetration, hardness, and tensile test were conducted. As the result, it found that the electrode rod with size16mm and 22mm required preheating’s temperature around 200° C while for 28mm required temperature up to 250°C. This paper will give a deeper understanding about the effect of preheating in term of strength of joining. The result obtained from this study can be used to assist welder while performing welding on medium carbon steel.
The occurrence of wear in austenitic stainless steel is inevitably unavoidable due to the presence of high chromium content and other alloying elements that hinder the implementation of surface treatment process. This process is usually use to improve the hardness and wear properties of steels and alloys by diffusing hard protected layer on the surface of the material. This paper investigates the effect of surface attrition on the hardness and wear properties of paste boronized 304 stainless steel. Surface attrition treatment was applied onto the surface of 304 stainless steel before paste boronizing was conducted at temperature of 850°C for 8 hours holding times. The microstructure of the boronized samples before and after surface attrition treatment was then observed and recorded in order to compare the phase constituent and boride layer thickness. The hardness of each phases was then evaluated using Vickers microhardness test and the wear resistance test of both paste boronized sample and surface attrited samples after boronizing was performed using pin on disk test. The microstructure results show that there are presences of both FeB and Fe2B phases on the surface of Pa-B850 and Pa-SB with boride layer thickness improvement of 3 times compared to untreated samples. This lead to enhancement of both hardness and wear resistance of the paste boronized samples due to better protection on the surface of the 304 stainless steel. The improvement of wear and hardness properties of 304 stainless steel could introduce new application that could be exposed to environment containing friction and wear.
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