Timber connection is the most important part in timber structural building. In design, it depends on parameter criteria such as bolt diameter, bolt spacing, edge and end distance. End distance is one of design criteria that will influence mechanical timber joint such in single and double shear. This study focuses for a single fastener joint loaded in double shear with 12mm and 16mm bolt diameters having 30mm and 40mm end distance respectively. Double shear test was conducted on Balau timber species and the finding also focuses on the pattern failure modes with reference to European Yield Model (EYM) theory according to National Design Specification (NDS) 2005. It shows that the joint ability to withstand load decreased when the bolt diameter and end distance smaller and conversely with larger bolt diameter. The failure behavior for 12mm diameter tends to fail into category IIIs which described two plastic hinges formed with crushing of wood fibres in the side members. While, 16mm diameter bolt tends to fail under categories of mode Is which dowel bearing failure or crushing of the side members. Eventually, 12mm bolt diameter produces lower shear strength compared to 16mm bolt diameter.
A full scale bending testing of glued laminated (glulam) timber beam can be costly and time consuming. Therefore, computer modeling is an economical and an efficient tool to achieve the result within the acceptable accuracy. Among other modeling techniques, the finite element modeling (FEM) is widely used for its reliability to simulate and to verify the behaviour of structural elements exactly in the same way the elements perform in the experimental test. Further results of different structural element dimensions or materials can be predicted by modifying the input parameters that are of interest to the study. This study presents the verification of FEM with experimental bending test results on simply supported glulam timber beams made of Keruing and Resak species. The two dimensional (2D) FEM with LUSAS 14.3 software was used. The verification showed an acceptable agreement between the FEM and the experimental results.
Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) is one of the Malaysian common species used for structural construction material. It is capable of serving as a beam and column. This study focused on the experimental mortise and tenon connection fastened with wood; glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), and steel dowel. The finite element method (FEM) was used to model the behaviour of mortise and tenon joint for wood dowel subjected to pull-out loads using ABAQUS software. The experimental results were used to validate a three dimensional finite element model of mortise and tenon joint. The full structural scale ofmortise and tenon was fastened with a 21 mm diameter dowel. The investigation was carried out by applying tensile loads to the top of the tenon. This study adopted a linear elastic orthotropic material to represent the Kapur wood behaviour using the FEM. In this study, the results reveal the load carrying capacity of the mortise and tenon in a sequence of highest to the lowest is when the joint dowelled with GFRP, steel and wood. The stiffness value obtained from the FEM for wood dowel is found higher than the experimental value. Thus, the findings from finite element method (FEM) and the experimental results both had slightly dissimilar load–displacement curve shape. However, this study contributes to a better knowledge of mortise and tenon performance when secured with a wood dowel.
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