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Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) Basic Training (BT) is mandatory for every seafarer before starting to work on board merchant ships. The knowledge, attitude, and behaviour (KAB) theory explains that knowledge enhances one’s attitude, thus leading to improved behaviour. Accordingly, this study determined the effects of BT on seafarers’ shipboard safety KAB. The process commenced by ascertaining whether the BT course offered in the Maritime Institutes was on par with BT contents provided by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). For data collection and filtration purposes, the factors, filtering elements, and filtered model (FFF model) were utilised to measure safety education and KAB. Following this, a measurable questionnaire was developed for this particular study survey. The data collected were then analysed by using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which involved the use of SPSS and AMOS SPSS. Essentially, data obtained from the respondents successfully established the impacts of BT on the KAB, which revealed its role in improving the seafarers’ KAB. Therefore, the factors identified in this study are expected to be utilised in maritime institutions as BT syllabus incorporates domains aimed to instil the right attitudes among seafarers.

The handling efficiency of container terminal may be affected by variables of vessel calls, loading and discharge of container in the terminal. Some of the previous studies indicated that the performance of ship operation would be affected by variables of vessel calls, such as ship size, container loaded and container discharged would affect the handling rate of ship operation, but it didn't clarify on the degree of relationship and lack of variable container shifted/restowed. Therefore, this study would further study on the softcoming, to analyse the relationship between variables of vessel calls with berth turnaround time, that affected the ship operation's performance. Extensive observation and survey activities were conducted at Malaysian's Port and the collected data was based on ship operation delay parameters; like berth turnaround time, total move, total discharge, total load, shift/restow, and length overall of vessels. The initial result showed that total move, total discharge and total load had high correlation with berth turnaround time. The r-value of total move, total discharge and total load are 0.877, 0.716 and 0.804 respectively. Therefore, this study concluded that the berth turnaround time is highly affected by total move, total discharge and total load. Consequently, the research output would be as a decision making tool to port planner.

This paper aims to identify the determinants towards the adoption of e-commerce adoption particularly in Malaysia's SMEs furniture industry. The scope of study in SMEs furniture industry can be considered as significant and appropriate in view of its establishments with significant effect to the overall Malaysian economy. The finding of the study indicated that adoption factors such as organizational readiness, external pressure, perceived ease of use and perceived benefit are positively related to ecommerce adoption. The result was found consistent with the outcome from previous studies in similar area. Hence, such generalization from the result of the study particularly in Malaysia SMEs can be considered as appropriate and relevant in view of the present competitive market environment that demands a better way of managing business as compared to the traditional means. Future research should take into considerations on other determinants towards the adoption of e-commerce among SMEs in Malaysia. For examples, top management support, presence of information technology (IT) skills, availability of consultancy, prioritization of e-commerce to the enterprise, perceived risk, enthusiasm of top management and compatibility with the work of the company.

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