The Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale developed by Podsakoff, et al.(1990) has mostly been found to have better psychometric properties in the western countries mainly North America and there is a dearth of studies that portray the meaningfulness & relevance of using this measure in the Asian cultural contexts. The present study was thus aimed at checking the psychometric properties of this scale on a sample of permanent professionals working at the three main human service organizations operating in Srinagar, J&K (University of Kashmir, S.K.I.M.S Hospital & J&K Bank). After preliminary analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and three dimensional factor structure of organizational citizenship behavior was revealed. The reliability and validity of the brief version of the scale was found to be satisfactory, thereby providing support for the relevance of using this scale in the Asian context.
Currently smoking is estimated to be responsible for 3 million deaths annually worldwide, or about 6% of all deaths. But by the 2020’s or early 2030’s, it is expected to cause 10.9% of all deaths in developing countries and 17.7% of those in developed countries, more than any single disease. Smoking is probable cause of about 25 diseases; hence its impact on global disease is tremendous. About one-third of the global population aged 15 and over is indulged in smoking. In the light of the global impact of tobacco on human life, it is imperative that stronger measures be taken to persuade those who are indulged in smoking. The present study conducted on 100 male participants (18-45 years) of Kashmir, J&K (India) enlightens us to shows various motivational factors behind smoking. The motivational factors are all perceived as being positive reasons to continue smoking. It is important for us to understand exactly why we smoke. Stimulation, Handling, Pleasurable, Relaxation, Crutch, Craving and Habit are the most important motivational factors behind smoking. These seven motivational factors can easily be changed by appropriate measures. It is hoped that the present study gives information on how medical professionals, health workers, clinicians and other allied agencies should tackle the problem. We would be pleased to receive any feedback on the usefulness of this study and suggestions on how to improve it.
Every year, natural disasters create havoc and threaten the strength & stability of communities throughout the world .The 2014 floods that struck Kashmir also created a lot of material and psychological devastation, by taking away many precious lives & destroying homes in its wake. Considering the same, the survivors of the floods were left not only with the challenges like unfinished repairs, lingering insurance claim disputes & financial strain but also the severe psychological problems like depression and trauma. Amidst such circumstances the depth of the psychological capital in the community has an important role to play. Broadly speaking, building resilience can be an effective response in this regard. As per Aldrich (2012) what contributes to efficient reconstruction is more important than ever. In this context the present study proposes a multi-step model of resilience development among flood affected people. As the model is grounded in principles of positive psychology and takes into consideration the Indian cultural context, it is hoped that, the same can be made use of by the mental health professionals in order to help the victims to effectively deal with the challenges by focusing on resilience development.
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