The teachings of Islam are closely related to the concept of community. Islamic history and politics influence community structure and organisation based on Quranic tenets. Due to extremism of some Muslim leaders who are still caught in their own orthodoxy, Muslims have been lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of political, economic and social progress. This study examines the philosophy and ideas of Islamic thinker Fazlur Rahman, a modernist scholar and philosopher of Islam. Known as a prominent liberal reformer of Islam, he devoted himself to educational reform and reviving independent reasoning (ijtihad) among Muslims in order to shape an ideal Muslim society. Fazlur Rahman was a unique scholar in that he attempted to combine Islamic and Western elements without compromising the tenets of the Quran and Sunnah in achieving a modern ideal society. He was a liberal in that he believed the Quran was compatible and relevant for all times and human civilisation.
This paper discusses the Islamic tolerance of other faiths and belief systems. Islam also advocates tolerance of diversity. The conflict between religions can be avoided through tolerance; thus, harmony and unity between religions can be fostered in a pluralistic society. Therefore, the discussion of this article focuses on the Quranic view of practical tolerance to avoid conflicts which are a direct result of failure to appreciate the values of tolerance which underpin Islamic teachings. Using the documentation research method, this article found that problems or misunderstandings are common in all religions but their teachings, especially Islam, must be interpreted in ways that nurture unity and understanding between various cultures and religious communities. The implications of this study show that Allah has told his servant to be fair to Muslims and non-Muslims, no matter who they are or where they come from, and to let them practice their faith. Tolerance in the Quran is based on the belief that good is more vital than evil. Because of this, the Quran teaches its followers to always forgive, especially about other religions, to have a noble mind, a forgiving attitude, and humane values, and to accept the rights of others. Tolerating differences in Islam involves coming to terms with history, understanding, and differences between Islam and modernity, which must first come from within Islam.
Living Hadith is the embodiment of hadiths in the form of beliefs and practices that contradict the real essence of the hadiths’ meaning. The liberal groups have adopted the contradictory hadiths’ meaning to defend their arguments. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature highlights on the hadiths of Rasulullah SAW that the liberal groups are using. The methodology used in this study is an observation on the background, discussion gaps, methods and findings for each of the hadiths used by the groups. The study identified the liberal groups via evaluation and comparison on the diversion of the meaning of the hadiths and liberalism thoughts promoted through their websites and portals. The findings showed that there are misinterpretations of the hadiths of Rasulullah SAW where they had comprehended the hadiths according to their own interest. This study has an impact on society’s awareness in the hope to preserve and protect the accuracy of hadiths’ contexts. ABSTRAK Living Hadis adalah penjelmaan hadis dalam bentuk kepercayaan dan pengamalan yang telah bercanggah dari makna hadis yang hakiki. Pengambilan makna hadis yang bercanggah ini telah digunapakai oleh kelompok liberal dalam menegakkan hujah mereka. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sorotan literatur secara sistematik ke atas hadis-hadis Rasulullah SAW yang telah digunapakai oleh kelompok Liberal. Metodologi kajian menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian ke atas latar belakang, gaps perbincangan, metod dan dapatan bagi setiap hadis yang digunakan oleh kelompok Liberal. Pengecaman terhadap kelompok Liberal dilaksanakan melalui penilaian dan perbandingan terhadap penyelewengan maksud hadis dan pemikiran Liberal yang dipromosikan melalui laman web dan portal mereka. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa hadis-hadis Rasulullah SAW telah diselewengkan dari segi pemahaman makna hadis mengikut kepentingan diri sendiri. Kajian ini memberi impak terhadap kesedaran masyarakat agar dapat memelihara dan menjaga konteks ketepatan hadis.
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