The purpose of this study was to provide a quantification method with rapid, sensitive, reproducible and cost effective for gentamicin in the form of ninhydrin-gentamicin complex. The utilization of spectrophotometric module to validate the method development for gentamicin loaded microparticles was intended to provide alternative quantification method without undermining the sensitivity of the developed method. The microparticles fabrication process was proven to be suitable in encapsulating gentamicin by using poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) PLGA without compromising the efficacy of the antibiotic itself. The linearity of 6 known concentrations of ninhydrin-gentamicin complex was obtained with the R 2 of 0.9998. The interday and intraday precisions were determined with the acceptance %RSD values of less than 2%. The highest %RSD value was 1.09% which suggested the method to be acceptably precise. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were recorded to be at 0.016 and 0.196 mg/mL respectively. The % recovery of 4 known concentrations indicated the accuracy of the method was high with the recovery range between 98.66% and 101.8%. The parameters analyzed in this study were in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. This quantification method was a promising approach to provide a rapid and cost effective in evaluating gentamicin concentration for in-vitro applications.
Nigella sativa oil (NSO) has been exploited for medical purposes for many generations. The fabrication of microparticles containing NSO intended for sustained release was done to be used in treating osteomyelitis. Method in quantifying NSO using UV-spectroscopy was developed and validated. Linearity shown a good correlation coefficient with the values higher than 0.995, both for actual and different analysts. The LOD and LOQ values were recorded to be 2.89 µg/mL and 8.75 µg/mL respectively. In addition, the highest %RSD values for the intermediate and repeatability studies were 0.970% and 0.445% which suggested the method was precise. The percentage recovery for 4 known concentrations gave the range between 98.16% to 99.39%, indicating the high accuracy of the method. The parameters analyzed in this study were in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines.
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a foremost reason of global cancer death in women, and a good portion remains with the developing countries. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Pap smear, CC, and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among the women attending a Mother and Child Health Clinic in Kuantan, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 respondents involved in this cross-sectional study. The convenience sampling was to select the respondents. The data were collected from in 2013. Results: The mean age 32.19 years. Up to 54.2% of respondents never had Pap smear in the past 5 years, while over 67.5% of respondents never had HPV vaccination. There was a significant correlation between knowledge with attitude (P < 0.001) and attitude with practice (P < 0.001) regarding Pap smear, CC, and HPV. However, knowledge and practice regarding Pap smear, CC, and HPV was not significantly correlated (P = 0.525). There was no significant correlation between mean age and knowledge (P = 0.455) while there was a significant correlation between mean age with attitude (P = 0.011) and practice (P < 0.001) regarding Pap smear, CC, and HPV. It was also shown that there were differences between races in term of knowledge and attitude (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in term of practice regarding Pap smear, CC, and HPV (P > 0.05) between races. Conclusions: Important barriers to Pap smear screening among women are highlighted through this study. The health institution involved needs to come up with better strategies to deal with these barriers to improve the awareness of women regarding Pap smear, CC, and HPV.
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