This is not a book for any postgraduate who is still working for any higher examination. It contains statements which will surely cause his downfall, and much that will confuse him. It is not even intended that undergraduates should see it at all. The professional prostatectomist, however, is certain to enjoy either his violent opposition to, or alternately, his complete agreement with a surgeon who is much, and equally, respected by both sides, and who has put into this book a lot more wisdom than the present criticisms may suggest.

The unusual case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma occurring in maxillary left anterior region in a 13-year-old female child is presented with chief complaint of swelling in the upper left anterior region since one year and spacing between maxillary left central incisor and canine. Microscopic examination of surgically excised specimen revealed solid epithelial cell nests with peripheral palisading ameloblastic cells and the central squamous cell assemblage that was consistent with the findings of acanthomatous ameloblastoma type. Acanthomatous ameloblastoma is the extremely rare variant. The present report discusses issues related to the incidence of such formations in the target tissues.

No abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) consist of not only the internal derangement of Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) but also areas extrinsic to TMJ. Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease that manifests as a chronic debilitating disease and occurs due to degradation and loss of articular cartilage. There occur changes in the subchondral bone and other soft tissues. Osteoarthritis is not uncommon in the Temporomandibular joints (TMJs). The etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis is associated with multiple risk factors. The disease progresses slowly and passes through different phases with periods of remission and ultimately results in the burnout phase. It needs a good understanding of the diagnostic algorithm and that facilitates better management of the disease in the TMJ. The aim of this review article is to highlight and update the prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and general characteristics of TMJ Osteoarthritis.

Though granular myringitis (GM) is not a very rare disease it does not have any classification. Its exact etiology is not known. The granulations on tympanic membrane also occur in association with other lesions of external auditory canal (EAC) and middle ear. The aims of this study were to know the etiological factors of GM and classify the disease according to its etiological factors and associated disorders of EAC and middle ear. Data were retrieved from the search of four electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar. Relevant articles were also sought by a hand search review of reference books. The databases were searched using the key words otitis externa, external otitis, granular myringitis, granular otitis externa and myringitis. Data were extracted using a pre-defined data-extraction form. The following data were recorded (1) etiological and predisposing conditions; (2) pathological features; (3) associated disorders of external and middle ear. The study proposes the etiological classification of GM. It suggests two major groups: primary and secondary. The primary GM is basically idiopathic and these patients do no have evidences of any other types of otitis media and otitis externa. In the secondary GM the cause is obvious and the patients usually have associated otitis media and/or lesions of external ear canal. Author speculates that habit of self ear cleaning/scratching is a specific etiological factor in cases of primary GM but more studies are required to confirm this theory.

Rhabdoid morphology in tumors refers to resemblance of the cells to rhabdomyoblasts without true skeletal muscle differentiation. The cytological features include abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nuclei, and intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions. Besides the rhabdoid morphology, cytoarchitectural features of atypical meningioma (four or more mitoses per 10 high-power fields, high cellularity, sheeting architecture, nuclear atypia, and necrosis) are seen in most cases. A case is presented here to highlight the appearance of rhabdoid cells on intraoperative squash smears, for most accurate treatment and close follow-up, as rhabdoid morphology is related to aggressive behavior and poor outcomes.

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The Granular Myringitis (GM) is not uncommon though in medical literature it has been reported among the rarer conditions. The aim of this article is to review the clinical features and management of Granular Myringitis (GM). GM is characterized by granulation tissue on the outer surface of the Tympanic Membrane (TM) with or without the involvement of deep bony External Auditory Canal (EAC). The granulations are either localized or diffuse. The granulations over tympanic membrane continue to grow slowly for years. The ensuing fibrosis in patients with granulations of deep bony meatal wall can result into an atresia of the deep bony EAC. The presenting symptom of GM is an ear discharge which may be foul-smelling. However many patients have a sensation of fullness, irritation, mild pain or itching in the ear. If perforation occurs the underlay perichondrium or temporalis fascia grafting is done. In some of the refractory cases granulations are removed and the raw area is covered with skin. Many patients respond well to meticulous microscopic aural toilet and topical antibiotic and steroid ear drops. If patients do not respond then application of topical caustic agents are employed.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dizziness is one of the most common complaints in medicine just second to headache. It frightens not only the patient but also frustrates the physicians. There is a long list of causes of dizziness but the common causes vary from place to place. The aim of this study was to know the common causes of dizziness and vertigo in Gujarat to generate the awareness among the doctors who get the patients with this common ailment so that they can better manage dizzy patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study included thirty-five patients with dizziness and vertigo that came to the Department of ENT for their management.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Patients were divided into three categories. The first group of patients was having associated cochlear symptoms. Second group patients had isolated vertigo. Third group patients had associated CNS or medical conditions. The largest was the second group (37.5%) of isolated vertigo patients. The commonest diagnosis (18.75%) in this group was benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, followed by acute vestibular neuritis. Meniere’s disease and migraine and its variant were the most common causes in first and third group respectively.  </p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>The overall scenario of causes of dizziness and vertigo in our study follow the international trend. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, acute vestibular neuronitis, Menieres disease and migraine were found the most common causes of vertigo.<div> </div>