Implant design refers to the three-dimensional structure of the implant, with all the elements and characteristics that compose it. Dental implants are subjected to various force magnitudes and directions during function. Because implants function to transfer occlusal loads to the surrounding biologic tissues, functional design objectives should aim to manage biomechanical loads to optimize the implant-supported prosthesis function. Thus, the primary functional design objective is to manage biomechanical loads to optimize the implant-supported prosthesis function. An implant has a macroscopic body design and a microscopic component of implant design. The microscopic features are most important during initial implant healing and the initial loading period. The macroscopic implant body design is most important during early loading and mature loading periods. The product used by the implant team may increase or decrease the risk of screw loosening, crestal bone loss, implant body bone loss, peri-implantitis, esthetics of soft tissue drape, implant failure, and implant body fracture. This article shall help the learner in making a judicious informed decision regarding the different factors governing the reduction of overall stress in implant fixtures and, thus, providing a better treatment to their patients. Search strategy: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE from 1975 to 2014 to identify studies, from simulated laboratory models, animal, to human, related to this topic using the keywords of implant biomechanics, implant macrodesign, thread pitch, thread geometry, thread depth, thread width, and implant crestal module.
The techniques available for the measurement of stress relaxation in rubbers had been reviewed and the consequent methodology assessed. The conclusion, that none of the equipment was entirely satisfactory, led to the development of new instrumentation which eliminated many of the shortcomings of the current equipment and allowed new and improved methods of test to be adopted which are particularly suited to long-term tests in a variety of environments. The work has drawn attention to the unsatisfactory state of the standards in the field.
Gingival recession beyond grade III and grade IV level involving furcation defects can lead to tooth loss if not intervened at appropriate time. The treatment options include scaling and root planing, Furcation-plasty, Tunnel preparation, Root separation and resection. The chief complaint of the patient was pain in the upper left first molar because of grade III furcation involvement. Since it was a four rooted molar, the treatment of choice was hemisection of the tooth and extraction of the distal half following endodontic treatment. As the second molar was mesially tilted the prosthodontic rehabilitation was done with a hybrid prosthesis involving a full coverage conventional porcelain fused to metal retainer on the hemisected molar and a resin bonded partial coverage retainer on the tilted second molar. The resultant prosthesis is termed as "Hybrid prosthesis".
This study aims to provide a better understanding for evaluating the resistance of the reinforced asphalt mixtures to permanent deformation. The resistance of asphalt mixtures to permanent deformation was assessed using dynamic creep test at a temperature of 40 °C. Four mixtures namely Mix1, Mix2, Mix3, and Mix 4 were evaluated, Mix1 corresponds to the control mixture that containing coarse steel slag aggregate while Mix2, Mix3, and Mix4 represent the reinforced mixtures with polyester fiber at the proportions of 0.05, 0.15, and 0.3%, respectively. The findings of this study showed that the elastic deformation occurred at the primary stage has a negative influence regarding the permanent deformation assessment. In addition, increasing the content of the polyester fiber has a positive relationship with the elastic stage; the higher the proportion of the fiber, the higher the deformation at the elastic stage, which have a negative effect on the evaluation of the mixtures resistance to permanent deformation, if the deformation occurred at the elastic stage is not excluded. On the other hand, the mixtures containing a high content of polyester fiber exhibited better resistance to the permanent deformation at the viscoelastic stage.
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