BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is essential to prevent cardiovascular diseases by correcting modifiable risk factors such as lowering lipid levels, lowering blood pressure, improving eating habits, giving up smoking, etc. The present study assessed the efficacy of herbal preparation containing Allium sativum (A. sativum), Commiphora mukul (C. mukul), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (T. foenum-graecum) in patients with hyperlipidemia. MethodologyPatients were given extracts of A. sativum 350 mg, T. foenum-graecum 350 mg, C. mukul 200 mg, Picrorhiza kurroa (P. kurroa) 200 mg, and Piper nigrum (P. nigrum) 5 mg. Unichem Laboratories, Mumbai, provided placebo tablets similar in shape and size to herbal tablets. Patients were assessed for compliance, and a complete lipid profile was done at DO, D15, D46, D76, and D106. In addition, total cholesterol and highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) serum triglyceride were estimated by the respective methods throughout the study. ResultsThe weight of the patients remained stable, the mean weight before being 65.42 ± 8.35 kg and after completion of the study being 65.42 ± 8.35 kg. There were no changes in the ECG during or after the drug therapy in any of the patients. Group A comprised nine patients, and group B had ten patients. Serum creatinine (mg %) was 0.94 and 0.95, fasting blood sugar mg (%) was 111.05 and 99.63, and postprandial blood sugar (mg %) was 150.89 and 147.94 on pre-treatment and post-treatment, respectively. The mean serum triglyceride levels in group
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer causing death among females worldwide. Radiotherapy after lumpectomy/mastectomy in breast cancer cases is a successful treatment modality taking five weeks to complete. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer patients with conventional radiotherapy with respect to outcome and toxicity.Methods: Sixty patients were randomly divided equally into a conventional group, Group A (dose: 50 Gy in 25 fractions), and a hypo-fractionated short-course radiotherapy group, Group B (dose: 40 Gy in 16 fractions). After thorough clinical and laboratory examination of all patients, the disease status was assessed prior to radiotherapy and three and six months after completion of radiotherapy. The cardiopulmonary function was assessed using echocardiography and pulmonary function tests prior to the procedure. The assessment of the development of toxicity (dysphagia, skin, lung, and lymphedema) was done during every clinical visit.Results: The mean age of patients was 53.28 ± 9.73 years in Group A, and 55.67 ± 10.41 years in Group B (p=0.82). The right breast was involved in 13 (43.4%) patients in Group A and 14 (46.6%) in Group B, and the left breast was involved n 17 (56.6%) patients in Group A and 16 (53.4%) in Group B (p=0.81). Most of the patients were post-menopausal; 24 (80%) in Group A and 25 (83.4%) in Group B (p=0.91). Eleven (36.6%) patients were of stage T2N1M0 in both groups. However, no statistical difference was observed between the groups in the TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) staging using the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) criteria (p=0.26). On comparing the responses in Group A and Group B, no significant difference was observed in either of the groups from immediate post-treatment to the 12-month follow-up period (p=0.53 and p=0.64, respectively). Conclusion: Hypo-fractionated radiotherapy is as effective as conventional radiotherapy and can be used as an alternative method for treatment following breast cancer surgery.
Aim: To detect CA- 125 level in saliva of oral cancer patients. Methodology: A total of fifty- six SCC patients and thirty healthy subjects were selected. A non- stimulated whole saliva (5cc) was collected and evaluated for CA- 125 level ELISA. Results: A higher salivary CA 125 level (514.2±132.6 U/mL) was observed in poorly differentiated SCC followed by moderately differentiated (340.6±80.2 U/mL) and minimum values was observed in well differentiated SCC (236.2±76.2 U/mL). The mean± SD CA- 125 level in group I patients was 428.5± 110.2 U/mL and in group II was 132.4± 58.6 U/mL. Higher salivary CA 125 level (520.5±168.4 U/mL) was observed in stage IV and minimum in stage I (165.2±46.2 U/mL) which was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with poorly differentiated SCC, cases of buccal mucosa and stage IV exhibited higher values of salivary CA- 125 level as compared to healthy control. Key words: Oral Cancer, Saliva, Tongue, CA- 125
Aim: To compare serum creatinine (SCr) and serum cystatin C as early marker of acute kidney dysfunction. Methodology: The present cross sectional observation study consisted of eighty- four ICU admitted patients (critical ill). A randomization of patients into 2 groups was done. Patients with normal kidney functions were put in group 1 while those with impaired kidney functions were in group 2. The estimation of serum creatinine (SCr) and serum cystatin C was done. Mann Whitney U and ch- square test was used for statistical inference. Results: In group 1 patients, mean serum creatinine (SCr) was 0.30± 0.21 mg/dl and in group 2 was 0.56±0.41 mg/dl. Serum cystatin C level in group 1patients found to be 0.42±0.17 mg/l and 1.5±0.68 mg/l in group 2 patients. Accuracy for Cys- C was better than SCr (90% vs 67%). Specificity for SCr was 97% whereas for Cys- C was 95%. Sensitivity for Cys-C was 80% while for SCr was 25%. SCr had PPV of 92% and NPV of 61% and for Cys- C it was 93% and 83% respectively. Conclusion: Serum cystatin C found to be better than serum creatinine for the identification of impairment of kidney functions in critically ill patients. Hence, assessment of Cys-C is of great concern in AKI. Key words: Acute renal failure, serum creatinine, serum, renal impairment
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