Background:Probiotics are live microorganisms which are mainly strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. When administered in adequate amounts, these microorganisms offer a health benefit for the host. Probiotic organisms are also available commercially in milk, sour milk, ice cream and other foods.Aims:To identify bacterial species isolated from burn wounds, and also to evaluate (In-vitro) the therapeutic efficacy of Lacto. acidophilus against these bacterial isolates. To compare this activity to other antibacterial agents which are used medically in the treatment of burn wound cases.Materials and Methods:Burn wound swabs were obtained from 50 patients who had been admitted to hospitals in Baghdad during August to November 2009. These swabs were inoculated onto enriched and differential culture media. Subcultures were performed on selective media. The necessary biochemical tests were conducted and the organisms identified using standard procedures. Susceptibility of isolated pathogens to local isolates Lacto. Acidophilus (with 1×108 cells/mL) and 10 commonly used burn wounds antibiotics was examined using standard susceptibility testing.Results:Ninety different organisms were isolated. Gram-positive cocci accounted for 16 (17.7%) and gram-negative bacilli for 74 (82.2%) bacterial isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 30(33.3%) were the most commonly isolated organisms, followed by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.(22.2,20,4.4,2.2%), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were performed in 8(8.8%). However, the incidence of Staphylococcus epidermidis was 2 (2.2%), while ß-haemolytic Streptococci was 4(4.4%). In susceptibility testing, Lacto. acidophilus had coverage against 90 (100%) of 74 gram-negative and 16 of gram-positive bacteria tested. The coverage of the remaining 10 antibacterial agents used was different in their activity (resistance or sensitivity), which ranged between 50-100%.Conclusion:The results of the study concluded that lactobacillus acidophilus concentration of 1×108 cells/mL had a high activity to inhibit the growth in-vitro of all pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which cause burn wound infections. This indicated the therapeutic efficacy of lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria.

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE) were common among Enterococcus. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Teicoplanin resistance or sensitivity can determine the VRE phenotypes whether VanA (Van R /tec R) or VanB (Van R / tec s). Linezolid resistance among VRE regards an newly emerged health problem. Infection with LRVRE or TRLRVRE pushan hazardous alert for hard to heal illness. Twenty eight Enterococcus spp. isolates were recovered from children diarrhea after their inoculation on m-EI chromogenic agar. Antibiotics susceptibility and phenotypic detection of antibiotics resistance were performed according to CLSI 2016. The results revealed 92.86% resistance to rifampin, 85.71% to erythromycin. VRE were 46.42%, TRE were 25% and LRE were 35.71% while co-existed resistance for Vancomycin/Teicoplanin/Linezolid(TRLRVRE) were detected 25% in. concern antibiotics resistant patterns, the MDR compile (85.7%) while XDR compile (10.7%) and there is no PDR among Enterococcus. spp. isolates were PDR. The presentstudy conclude that VanA and VanB phenotypes were common among MDR and XDR and although there is no using of linezolid but the emergence of TRLRVRE isolates were stated.

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the present study was carried out during February to May 2018 in Baghdad hospitals. A sample of urine has been collected from fifty patients with an infection in their urinary tract (UTIs) of both sexes and different ages. Bacteriological investigation of urine samples from UTIs patients is made to isolate and diagnose Proteus mirabilis bacterium. In addition, the study detects the phenotypic and genetic characteristic of Proteus mirabilis α-hemolysin activity. Moreover, for the study to prove its hypothesis, a molecular detection has been carried out utilizing specific primer to hpmB gene which encodes α-Hemolysin as a factor of virulence of Proteus mirabilis through the use of PcR. the results show that 7(%100) of isolates are positive for hpmB at 422 bp. two isolates of P. mirabilis are sequenced as hpmB genes. The ratio of identity of the hpmB genes with the cP017085.1 and cP020052.1 stains at NCBI global databases copmrised 100%, 99% respectively.

Fifty RA patients and 50 healthy individuals have been participated in this study. 196 M/R polymorphism of TNFRII gene determined by PCR-RFLP, IL-37 level was measured by ELISA technique, also RF, ACCP, CRP measured by ELISA technique. Our study shows an increase in IL-37 levels in patients was suffered from rheumatoid arthritis relative to control group. (M=101.31+10.41) That shows major differences between patients and controls (p<0.01) and increasing level of IL-37 correlate significantly with increasing level of CRP (p<0.05). The frequencies of TNFRII gene polymorphism were significantly correlate with the IL-37 level (p<0.01) in RA patients compared with control group. In conclusion, IL-37 increased in RA patients associated with disease development, also significantly associated with TNFRII polymorphism.

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Cross-sectional study carried in areas surrounding Baghdad province (Dora , Nahrawan, Tajy and Abu Graib)respectively. During June-December 2016, for detection of cattle Babesiosis. One hundred fifty (150) clinically healthy local cattle breeds of different ages, and from both sex were examined by routine blood smear examination, molecular detection of Babesiosis by Conventional polymerase chain reaction PCR and by ELISA test. Results revealed that the infective species of Babesia during this study were B.bovis and B.bigemina that had detected in 14 cases (9.33%) by traditional blood smear examination, compared with 15 cases (10%)with Babesia bovis by conventional PCR technique and 100 cases (66.6%)with Babesia bigemina were detected by using ELISA technique .It has been concluded that infection with Babesia.bovis and Babesia bigemina were more prominent and no other species were detected.