There is a lack of quality evidence to advocate one technique over the other. We emphasize the need for appropriately powered, well-conducted, randomized, controlled trials comparing the outcomes of these 2 procedures. There is little difference in the outcome of tenotomy compared with tenodesis. Tenotomy is easy and quick, with less need for postoperative rehabilitation. We therefore suggest that biceps tenotomy be the preferred method. Clinical Relevance Biceps pathologic lesions are common. There is no evidence base for their most appropriate management.

At present, there is still a lack of quality evidence to advocate the expansion of MIHA. The better designed studies suggest that it should even be limited further to recognized expert centres. The complication rates and learning curve may be altered by changes in training and adapting surgical techniques. We emphasize the need for meticulous design in future studies comparing the outcomes of these two procedures.

Humeral shaft fracture account for nearly 3% of all fractures. Trauma specialists should be aware of a range of possible injuries, complications and be confident in their management. This article reviews the various aspects of humeral shaft fractures and details different treatment options available. We found that in the majority of cases non-operative management has excellent results provided attention is paid to follow up and rehabilitation.