Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.), a member of the Cruciferae family, is widely planted across the world, especially in India, Europe, and the United States. It has been respected as a key medicinal plant from the time of the Vedic culture. Lepidium sativum Linn. seeds were tested for their efficacy as an antibacterial agent against pathogens found in food. The active components were extracted from the powdered dry seeds using chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and dichloromethane. The antibacterial activity of various doses of the extracts was evaluated using agar well diffusion. We also estimated the MIC and MBC for the most effective extract using the tube dilution technique and the subculturing method, respectively. One of the most common mosquito species that carries Plasmodium falciparum is the Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which may be combated by sprinkling fields with Lepidium sativum seeds. Scientists have begun to extract essential oils from Lepidium sativum and evaluate their bio-potential against juvenile and adult Anopheles gambiae as part of an attempt to identify ecologically viable vector control tactics. Based on the findings, it is clear that L. sativum essential oil effectively kills An. gambiae. Although field application on a wide scale is necessary for An. gambiae population control, more work has to be done in formulation and assessment.
An effort was made to synthesize a new series of pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives (2-5). The synthesis of these compounds was achieved via reaction of 3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazol-5-one (1) with a substituted aromatic aldehyde and urea or thiourea in mild reaction conditions, giving satisfactory yields. FT-IR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopies were used to characterize the structure of the newly synthesized compounds (2-5), where the spectral data confirmed the formation of these compounds. The antioxidant activity of these compounds (2-5) was examined in this study the synthesized compounds showed a moderate-high antioxidant effect, which was examined by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The cellular toxicity of the compounds (2-5) was studied on MCF-7 cell lines using MTT assay. Compound (5) showed the highest toxicitytowards MCF-7 cell lines.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have been widely used as antibacterial therapy for any microorganisms that are multidrug resistance to antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), was collected from Al-Muthanna hospitals. These isolates were drug-resistant against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, azithromycin and trimethoprim, while they were sensitive to imipenem. The conventional PCR was used to screen for many different virulent genes and eventually, the only algD and plcH were detected among 11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains over of twenty isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. The Ag/F Tio2 NPs was used as antibacterial to test the AgNPs activity against the expression of algD and plcH genes that are screened as a common complication of gene virulence in the cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. The results showed a significant effect on algD and plcH genes expression of P. aeruginosa.
Culex pipiens mosquitos are thought to be vectors for many arboviruses, including West Nile virus and encephalitis virus, which have a global impact on human health. The natural management of this pest's aquatic stages is critical for sustaining an insecticide-free environment. The current study focused on the biological and biochemical effects of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma harizanium on Culex pipiens laboratory colony 3rd instar larvae. The results showed that B. bassiana had the highest larval mortality (22%) with the concentration 1x106 spore/ml and the period exposure recorded (36.6% )shortest lethal time (120 hrs), followed by T. harizanium (17.3%) with concentration 1x107 spore/ml and the period exposure recorded (29.1%) shortest lethal time (120 hrs), and had the lowest percent mortality (16%) with the concentration 1x103 spore/ml and period exposure with (6%) longest (24 hrs) for B. bassiana and had the lowest percent mortality (4%) with the concentration 1x103 spore/ml for T. harizanium and period exposure with 24 hrs (12.5%).
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