Background and Purpose-Thrombolysis depends on the ability of blood and thrombolytic agents to permeate thrombus.We devised a novel technique to quantify blood permeating through thrombi and determine whether this parameter predicts early recanalization with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. Methods-Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated patients with stroke and complete occlusion on computed tomographic angiography were analyzed using perfusion computed tomography and a delay insensitive algorithm. We generated maps that measure delay in arrival time of contrast within the intracranial arterial tree (T0 maps). A positive sloped regression line of T0 values measured along artery silhouette distal to thrombus was defined as marker of permeable thrombus (occult anterograde flow). Median T0 values at proximal and distal thrombus interface were measured. Early recanalization was assessed on first angiography of subsequent intra-arterial procedure or on a 4-hour computed tomographic angiography. Results-Of
The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is an efficient, simple, and chemical-free method of producing nanoparticles. The present work reports the synthesis of Murraya koenigii-mediated ZrO2 nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) and their applications as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent. Capping and stabilization of metal oxide nanoparticles were achieved by using Murraya koenigii leaf extract. The optical, structural, and morphological valance of the ZrO2 NPs were characterized using UV-DRS, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM with EDX, TEM, and XPS. An XRD analysis determined that ZrO2 NPs have a monoclinic structure and a crystallite size of 24 nm. TEM and FESEM morphological images confirm the spherical nature of ZrO2 NPs, and their distributions on surfaces show lower agglomerations. ZrO2 NPs showed high optical absorbance in the UV region and a wide bandgap indicating surface oxygen vacancies and charge carriers. The presence of Zr and O elements and their O=Zr=O bonds was categorized using EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. The plant molecules’ interface, bonding, binding energy, and their existence on the surface of ZrO2 NPs were established from XPS analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using ZrO2 NPs was examined under visible light irradiation. The 94% degradation of toxic MB dye was achieved within 20 min. The antibacterial inhibition of ZrO2 NPs was tested against S. aureus and E. coli pathogens. Applications of bio-synthesized ZrO2 NPs including organic substance removal, pathogenic inhibitor development, catalysis, optical, and biomedical development were explored.
Background: The transcription factor forkhead-box protein P3 (FOXP3) have been identified to counteract the anti-tumor immune responses during tumor progression. In addition, by expressing FOXP3, tumor cells may evade effector T-cell responses, resulting in a survival benefit of the tumor. Objectives: Evaluation of the diagnostic and/or prognostic values of FOXP3 gene in breast cancer Iraqi female patients by initially comparing the expression concentrations of this gene between breast cancer patients and control group, then, comparing the expression levels of FOXP3 with certain clinical features among breast cancer patients (ages of patients, tumor grade, tumor stage and the presence or absence of metastasis). Material and Methods: The Foxp3 levels were determined in tissue samples (Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue “FFPE”) derived from 51 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma women and 33 benign breast tumor women (control group) were attended to the Medical City and Al-Yarmouk teaching laboratories / Baghdad – Iraq. The patients’ samples were subjected to total RNA extraction, and then to molecular study by using reverse transcription and quantitative real time PCR at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital – Kings College / London – UK. Results: The FOXP3 gene expression was detected in 45 (88.23%) of breast cancer patients, also, the expression levels of this gene showed high significant increase in breast cancer patients compared to control group. Furthermore, there were a gradual increase in the FOXP3 expression concentrations with disease grades (highly significant) and stages (significant) progression in patients with primary breast cancer, moreover, the metastatic breast cancer patients showed high significant increase in FOXP3 levels compared to primary breast cancer patients. There were no significant differences in the levels of FOXP3 among the age groups of patients. Conclusions: The present study results reflect the potential utility of FOXP3 as noninvasive marker for detecting breast cancer even in the earliest cancer stages, also, they suggest that possibility of using this gene as an efficient molecular signature for detecting breast cancer disease progression, discrimination between different stages and grades of breast tumors, and it might be of value as a prognostic marker.
Background: The Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR1 and NCR3) have been classically defined as activating receptors delivering potent signals to Natural Killer (NK) cells in order to lyse harmful cells and to produce inflammatory cytokines. Indeed, the elicitation of NK cells effector functions after engagement of NCRs with their ligands on tumor cells without the need for prior antigen recognition is one of the main mechanisms that allow a rapid clearance of tumor cells. Objectives: Evaluation of the diagnostic and/or prognostic values of NCR1 and NCR3 genes in breast cancer Iraqi females patients by initially comparing the expression concentrations of these genes between breast cancer patients and control group, then, comparing the expression levels of these genes with certain clinical features among breast cancer patients (ages of patients, tumor grade, tumor stage and the presence or absence of metastasis). Material and Methods: The NCR1 and NCR3 levels were determined in tissue samples (Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissue “FFPE”) derived from 51 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma women and 33 benign breast tumor women (control group) were attended to the Medical City and Al-Yarmouk teaching laboratories / Baghdad – Iraq. The patients’ samples were subjected to total RNA extraction, and then to molecular study by using reverse transcription and quantitative real time PCR at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital – Kings College / London – UK. Results: The expression of NCR1 and NCR3 genes were detected in 43 (84.31%) and 41 (80.39%) of breast cancer patients respectively, also, the levels of these genes showed high significant increase in breast cancer patients compared to control group. Furthermore, there were a gradual increase in the NCR1 and NCR3 expression concentrations with disease grades and stages progression (significant for both genes) in patients with primary breast cancer, moreover, the metastatic breast cancer patients showed significant decrease in NCR1 and NCR3 levels compared to primary breast cancer patients. There were no significant differences in the levels of NCR1 and NCR3 genes among the age groups of patients. Conclusions: The present study results reflect the potential utility of NCR1 and NCR3 as noninvasive markers for detecting breast cancer even in the earliest cancer stages, also, they suggest the possibility of using these genes as an efficient molecular signatures for detecting breast cancer disease progression, discrimination between different stages and grades of breast tumors, and its might be of value as a prognostic markers.
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