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Nowadays, cryptography and steganography are considered the most famous and secured techniques used in the security field. This chapter introduces a survey on the recent DNA based steganography algorithms that use the DNA as a carrier to enable safe transfer of the critical data over the unsecure network. Some of the recent data hiding techniques based on DNA will be discussed with the main differences between them with respect to some important security parameters such as cracking probability, indicating the algorithm's strength and weakness. However, some of these techniques do not include the computation of the cracking probability, so each of them will be reviewed and then further analyzed to compute its cracking probability. Then, the issues and the problems in these algorithms are presented and discussed with proposing some solutions and recommendations for achieving optimization in the DNA based steganography field.

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The information capacity is growing significantly as well as its level of importance and its transformation rate. In this paper, a blind data hiding hybrid technique is introduced using the concepts of cryptography and steganography in order to achieve double layer secured system. The proposed method consists of two phases: phase one is converting the message to DNA format using the proposed n-bits binary coding rule leading to high algorithm's cracking probability compared with those of other algorithms. Followed by applying the Playfair cipher based on DNA and amino acids to encrypt the secret message which generates ambiguity. Phase two is hiding the cipher secret message parts with the ambiguity results from from the first phase. The data is hidden using the least significant base (LSBase) only of each codon of a selected DNA reference sequence using 3:1 hiding strategy. The proposed technique achieves hiding the data in DNA with preserving its biological functions as possible without requiring any extra data to be sent to the receiver.