Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver is the most common cause of chronic liver disease with increasing prevalence globally. Settings and Design: The current study is an analytical case control study; conducted in ultrasonography outpatient clinic of Cairo University Hospital. Materials and Methods: 150 consented fatty liver cases and 564 controls were screened for fatty liver infiltration using abdominal ultrasonography. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to explore the discriminant ability of the developed model. Results: Among cases, Age, sex and residence matching contributes 32.7%, 36% and 31.3% mild, moderate and severe degree of fatty liver respectively. Cases showed significantly higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) than controls. Cases demonstrated higher prevalence of hypertension (11.3% vs 8.3% respectively), and significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (22% vs. 9.2%) (p=0.03). Severe fatty liver cases were significantly older and had Mostafa et al.; IJTDH, 36(1): 1-11, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.48661 2 significantly higher WC, BMI, significantly higher association with diabetes mellitus, significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL than non-severe degree cases. The significant predictors of sever fatty liver were BMI, total cholesterol and LDL (P = <0.001, R 2 = 0.543). Conclusion: The developed regression equation expressed good validation and calibration. It utilizes an algorithm that can quickly and easily address patients with fatty liver. It would useful as a fast, inexpensive primary screening tool for severe fatty liver. Original Research Article
Background Internet addiction, insomnia, and depression have a major health concern. The association of these problems can severely affect education, work productivity with negative outcomes for society. Internet addiction has been reported to be associated with insomnia and depression that may differ by age. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of insomnia and depression and their correlation with Internet addiction in all age groups and to detect age differences. A total of 386 participants were recruited. Data were collected using an online survey that contains questions about sociodemographic, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) to measure insomnia, Internet addiction, and depression, respectively. Results The overall prevalence of clinically significant insomnia was 22.5% while subthreshold insomnia was present in 38.5%. There was a significant negative correlation of age with IAT and PHQ9. Also, a highly significant positive correlation was found between ISI, IAT, and PHQ9 within the total sample and each age group (p = 0.000). Conclusions A great proportion of the general population suffers from insomnia, Internet addiction, and depression, and their prevalence rates differ by age. Also, there is a strong association between them. Identifying these problems is important, and interventions should include the three problems.
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline defense against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM: The study aimed to describe the characteristics and appraise potential risk factors of COVID-19 transmission among HCWs who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in one of Cairo University Hospitals. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of confirmed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive versus negative cases for COVID-19. RESULTS: Through March–June 2020, (145/846; 17%) suspected HCWs were tested for COVID-19 by PCR; out of them (70/145; 48.3%) were confirmed as positive, these positive cases represented (70/846; 8.3%) of all HCWs of the hospital. About 33% of confirmed COVID-19 positive HCWs acquired the infection from the healthcare while only (13/70; 19%) from community settings, and no clear exposure data were identified in (34/70; 48%) of cases. Most of symptomatic cases showed a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 versus asymptomatic cases, p < 0.001. There was no statistical significance regarding gender, age, presence of comorbidity, workload or the type of acquisition. CONCLUSION: HCWs are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection at the workplace. Strict implementation of infection control measures is of crucial role in preventing transmission of COVID-19 infection in health-care settings.
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