Pine is regarded as a remedy of wounds in traditional medicine. Terpene acids like abieticand isopimaric acid are the active constituents which poses antibacterial activities.The hexane fraction of both Pinus halepensis and Cedrus libani was assayed against eightdifferent bacteria of G+ve and G-ve using agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition weredetermined and compared with the wide spectrum antibacterial ciprofloxacin as a positivecontrol
Pregnant Women have an increased risk for some infections, particularly during the last trimester. Phagocyte emigration from the circulation into tissues is animportant aspect of the initial immune response. There for, circulating phagocytes of 42 pregnant and 15 post partum patients were studied in vitro for random and chemotactic (or directional) migration by agarose gel. Random migration of phagocytes for all 42 pregnant patients studied in each trimester was with in normal limits, chemotactic migration of 25 patients who were between 6 and 33 weeks of pregnancy was also similar to values obtained with control leucocytes (20 non- pregnant normal female). However phagocytes of 17 other women studied between week 34 of pregnancy and term showed marked depressions in chemotoxis during labor and with in 3 days delivery, chemotactic migration increased to supernormal levels in 14 of 15 women studied. Sera from 6 pregnant patients with proven chemotactic defects did not reduce migration when incubated with normal phagocytes. These chemotactic defects appear to be intrinsic and may be important in predisposing to infections during late pregnancy.
Eighty clinical swabs were collected from Patients suffering from wound infection, attending medical city hospital Sixty seven isolates were diagnosed ascausative agents, they were Klebsiella spp. (22.4 %), Escherichia coli (22.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (18%), Staphylolcoccus aureus(15%),Enterobacter spp(10.4%), Proteus spp (7.5%) Streptococcus spp (3%) and Acinetobacter spp.(1.5%); Eleven antibiotics were used for suscpitbility test of drugs. Most of isolates were sensitive to lmipenem in percentage 97% and Amikacin in percentage of 89.5% while most isolate were resistance for many antibiotics like Cefotaxim (89.5%), Tetracyclin (82%), Tobramycin (77.6%), Pipracilin (77.6%) and Gentamycin (77.6%), isolates from gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity (100%) for Vancomycin .Antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris and prunus amygdalus against higher resistance isolates was estimated, using two folds dilution extracts in agardiffusion technique at concentrations of 1:2, 1:4 , 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 .Thymus vulgaris has shown anti bacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp., proteusspp. And Klebsiella spp.in all concentration were used .The lowest effect was on E.coli (12 mm, 8 mm) at concentration 1:2, 1:4. No effect was clear onPseudomonas spp., Staphylococus aureus and Streptococcus spp .Hexane extract of Sweet almond extract showed the best effect on Klebsiella spp.,Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. at all concentrations used, while E.coli andpseudomonas spp showed sensitivity concentrations of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, the activity on Gram positive bacteria :Staphylococus aureus and Straptococus spp. was atconcentrations of 1:2 , 1:4 by measuring inhibition zone which was (8mm,7mm) and (10mm,9mm) respectively.
The level of lactic acid in cerebrospinal fluid has been suggested as useful diagnostic. Parameter to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis,especially in patients partially treated before admission to hospital. A concentration of> (35 mgm/dl) determined by an enzymatic methods has been considered in several studies to provide definite evidence of meningitis of bacterial origin,whereas lower level indicates no bacterial involvement, over past (20) months we had analyzed by the enzymatic methods, the lactate level in (302) cerebrospinal fluids submitted from adults patients with various conditionsinvolving in central nervous system. Fifty fluids had lactate levels of> (35 mg/dl) of which (162) were cases of infective meningitis of varying etiology.In this adults study the lactate level in the cerebrospinal fluid did provide equivocal evidence of bacterial infection and provide assistance to any greater degree than the standard parameters of leucocytes counts, protein and glucose contents in the differential diagnosis of bacterial meningitis from that of any other etiology.
A total of 300 strains of Staphylococci isolated from various pathological sites of infection from different hospitals; these specimens derived from cases ofhuman infections were tested for staphylocoagulase activity. Test systems employing normal citrated rabbit plasma and the same substrate supplemented with inhibitors of thrombin and proteolytic enzymes (but notinfluencing the staphylocoagulase activity) were used for testing suspensions of bacteria and cell-free culture supernatants. A total of 200 strains clotted normal rabbit plasma; however addition of Trasylol and heparine resulted in positive results in 100 strains, whereas plasma supplemented with Trasylol and hirudin was coagulated definitely by only 70 strains.It is postulated that proteolytic enzymes of staphylococci interfere with staphylocoagulase-induced clotting and may simulate coagulase-positve activity of staphylococci.To avoid such false results, attest system for detection of sse shtaphylocoagulaould include proteolytic enzyme inhibitors The purpose of this investigation was to verify this hypothesis by testing a collection of staphylococci strains from different sources of infections against rabbit plasma in atypical coagulase test versus the same supplemented with specific inhibitors of proteases and thrombin depending on the sever sites of infections.
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