Overuse of antibiotics has become the major factor for the emergence and dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains of several groups of microorganisms and this lead to search for agents that may have antibacterial effects. Vitamin E emerged as an essential, fat-soluble nutrient in the human body and it is essential, because the body cannot manufacture its own vitamin E, so foods and supplements must provide it. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E against pathogenic bacteria. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria were selected as the test microorganisms based on their importance in infections. In this study vitamin E used in four concentrations (50,100,200,400) IU/ml. The agar diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial activity. Results showed that gram negative bacteria were shown to be more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The resistance of gram negative bacteria towards antibacterial substances may be related to lipopolysaccharides in their outer membrane.
Lignans are natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are composed of two β-β-linked phenylpropane (shikimate-derived biogenetic subunits). Although the backbone of lignans is composed of phenylpropane units, there is enormous diversity in the structure of lignans leading to different classes of lignans, such as γ-butyrolactone derivatives, eg. Hymatairesinol, bicyclooctadiene derivatives, e.g. pinoresinol, tetrahydrofuran derivatives e.g.lariciresinol, di-arylbutandiol derivatives, e.g. secoisolariciresinol. Introduction of a further carbon –carbon linkage leads to a class of lignans collectively known as cyclolignans such as tetrahydro-naphthalene derivatives, for example podophyllotoxin. Lignans have a broad range of biological activities; many of them show significant antitumour, antimitotic, and antiviral effects. They also have cardiovascular effects, antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. The efflux mechanisms of bacteria to some antibiotics and resistance of bacteria to many antibiotics led to search for antibacterial compound of plant origin to overcome these problems. The antibacterial activity of HMR lignan was determined using the disc diffusion method and the MIC of the isolated compound was tested by the broth micro-dilution method. HMR lignan showed activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis(17 mm), Candida albicans (13mm), Proteussp(12mm) and Klebsiella sp (12mm). Key words: Lignans, Hydroxymatiaresinol, Antimicrobial activity
The study was design to investigate the effect of oral administration of Citrullus colocynthis (CC) on some physiological and histological characters of female reproductive organs in mature mice of Swiss albino strain as a model for mammals. The animals were divided into three groups each contains 8 animals. Group one was treated with 6 mg/ Kg body weight BW/ day of alcoholic extract of CC, group two was treated with 9.6 mg/ Kg BW/day of alcoholic extract of CC and group three served as control throughout eight weeks period. The results of the study showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the ovarian and uterine weight among groups. Significant (P<0.05) differences were shown in ovarian activity in control and group one compared to group two. The number of corpura lutea was highly significant (P<0.01) improved in group one than that of control group. The number of pregnant females was 50% in group one and control group. However the females treated with 6 mg/ Kg BW/ day of alcoholic extract of CC were gave a significant (P<0.01) results in the number of litters when compared with control group. It is concluded from the present research that treating with limiting dose of CC may accelerated the action of ovarian activity and resulted in improvement in the number of litters.
It has been well known since ancient times that medicinal plant have antimicrobial activity because of the presence of substances, therefore they become important sources of drugs production. Thymus vulgaris and Juglans regia have active compounds make them have antibacterial properties.Antibacterial effects of different concentrations ranging from (3.1- 50mg/ml) of hexane and methanol extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Juglans regia seeds was determined by using agar well diffusion method on clinical strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus, pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus sp.Methanol extract of Juglans regia seed was the most active followed by methanol extract of Thymus vulgsris seeds. The activity of Juglans regia extractdetermined by measuring inhibition zone as following:Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus pyogenes showed inhibition zone at concentration of 3.1-50 mg/ml. Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed inhibition zone of 12.5-50 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed sensitivity at concentrations of 25-50mg/ml. There was no inhibition zone for Escherichia coli, Salmonella.typhi and Enterococcus sp.Methanol extract of Thymus vulgaris showed activity at concentrations of 6.25-50mg/ml for Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis.Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus. aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes showed sensitivity at concentration of 12.5–50 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive at concentration of 50- 25mg/ml. There was no inhibition zone for Salmonella.typhi and Enterococcus sp. Hexane extracts of both plant seeds were less active then methanol extract against tested bacteria.These results support the notion that plant extracts may have a role as pharmaceutical and preservatives.
Eighty clinical swabs were collected from Patients suffering from wound infection, attending medical city hospital Sixty seven isolates were diagnosed ascausative agents, they were Klebsiella spp. (22.4 %), Escherichia coli (22.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (18%), Staphylolcoccus aureus(15%),Enterobacter spp(10.4%), Proteus spp (7.5%) Streptococcus spp (3%) and Acinetobacter spp.(1.5%); Eleven antibiotics were used for suscpitbility test of drugs. Most of isolates were sensitive to lmipenem in percentage 97% and Amikacin in percentage of 89.5% while most isolate were resistance for many antibiotics like Cefotaxim (89.5%), Tetracyclin (82%), Tobramycin (77.6%), Pipracilin (77.6%) and Gentamycin (77.6%), isolates from gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity (100%) for Vancomycin .Antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris and prunus amygdalus against higher resistance isolates was estimated, using two folds dilution extracts in agardiffusion technique at concentrations of 1:2, 1:4 , 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 .Thymus vulgaris has shown anti bacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp., proteusspp. And Klebsiella spp.in all concentration were used .The lowest effect was on E.coli (12 mm, 8 mm) at concentration 1:2, 1:4. No effect was clear onPseudomonas spp., Staphylococus aureus and Streptococcus spp .Hexane extract of Sweet almond extract showed the best effect on Klebsiella spp.,Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. at all concentrations used, while E.coli andpseudomonas spp showed sensitivity concentrations of 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, the activity on Gram positive bacteria :Staphylococus aureus and Straptococus spp. was atconcentrations of 1:2 , 1:4 by measuring inhibition zone which was (8mm,7mm) and (10mm,9mm) respectively.
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