The model showed adequate validity to be applied in a large-scale production of both lysine and glutamic acids.

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Keywords: Amino acids production; Mucor mucedo strain SEE1; protease; statistical optimization; 18S rRNA

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The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries among(6-9) years old children in two different socioeconomic background area in Baghdad city . Dental caries diagnosis was done according to criteria of WHO(1987). The total sample composed of 240 children (120 males and 120 females). Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries for the total sample was 100%, in another word caries free percentage was zero. Result showed that for the primary dentition dmfs and dmft values were higher for males aged 6-7 and 7-8 years in high socioeconomic class (7.8 & 4.2 , 9.7 & 4.7) than in low socioeconomic class (6.7 & 3.9 ,7.2 & 3.2) with statistically no significant differences ( p> 0.05). For children aged 8-9 years in low socioeconomic area the values were higher compared with those in high socioeconomic area for both gender. For the permanent dentition the high social class showed higher prevalence of dental caries compared with their lower social class counter parts except females aged 8-9 years with low socioeconomic status recorded higher DMFS and DMFT values ( 2.66 & 2.6) compared to those in high socioeconomic (2.6 & 1.8), while the relation was not significant ( p>0.05). Generally the present study showed that the prevalence and severity of dental caries for primary teeth was higher among children with low social class (dmfs & dmft) than those with high social class, while the results were reversed for the permanent teeth.

Gingival health status survey was conducted concerning 19-23 years old studentsin Al- Mustansiria University / college of dentistry.The total sample composed of 150 students (75 males and 75 females).The clinical examination was conducted by using blunt mouth probe, followingthe (GI) described by Silness and Loe (1963).Results of this study have shown that mean of gingivitis decreases with advancingclass level with a high significant difference between all classes due to higherawareness regarding prevention of dental diseases among finished dental students.Results also show that gingivitis among males is higher than that among females forall classes because of having better oral hygiene practices than males.

Five fungal strains namely Aspergillus niger 6A, A. niger NRRL, A. niger NRC, A. fumigatus and A. oryzae were used in this study. Five different plant materials which underground roots and tubers were directly used in powder form as natural sources. They were chicory (Cichorium intibus), dahlia (Dahlia pinnata), Girasole or jurusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), suger beet (Beta vulgaris) and artichoke or Alkhrishv (Cynara cardunculus). Dahlia tubers and Girasole additions were the best inducer for inulinase production amongst other plant materials used. On the other hand, chicory, alkhrishv and sugar beet additions had negligible and/or negative effects on inulinase production by the tested fungal srtains.

The aim of this study is to estimate the severity of dental caries among dentalschool students.Dental caries severity was conducted among 19-23 years old students in all classesin Al- Mustansiria University / college of dentistry. The total sample composed of 150students 30 students from each class (75 males total and 75 females total).Dental caries diagnosis was according to criteria of WHO(1).Results of the this study showed that none of the examined students were cariesfree; in another word, caries percentage was found to be 100%, DMFS valuesdecrease with advancing class level with on significant difference between all classesand increase in Fs values with a significant difference between females in all classesthis is attributed to the higher awareness regarding prevention of dental diseasesamong finish dental students.