This study shows that certain demographics of supervisors had significant relationship with their awareness, attitude, perceived barriers and practice. Awareness of the policy and form was linked to the increase in supervisors' practice, although they tend to report verbally rather than in writing. The possible negative relationship with students was the most common perceived barrier.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, CRC is the third furthermost common cancer and the fourth principal reason of cancer-related death. Colorectal cancer incidence varies globally, with developed countries having higher rates than developing countries. Colorectal cancer is associated with a lower socioeconomic status The following databases were searched: PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. Using Rayyan QCRI, included studies were screened by heading and abstract before being subjected to a full-text evaluation. This review investigates the published literature regarding the causes, diagnosis, and management of Colorectal cancer. This study comprised 7 trials with a total of 3,134,223 colorectal cancer patients, Most cases were diagnosed by computed tomography and only one study depended on surgery. The included studies used MRI also. CT defines the staging of CRC as the TNM staging [tumor, nodal, and metastases staging. Understanding the unique gene modifications is widely expected to lead to more accurate and tailored care for persons with polyps and malignancies, driven by molecular characterisation of the individual's colon tumour.

Many patients with symptomatic eye conditions present initially to their primary care physician. Eye issues account for 2-3% of all primary care office visits. Knowing how to respond when these patients come is critical for the family physician, as is knowing when to refer them to an ophthalmologist for additional care. Family doctors should be able to spot eye disorders that can cause vision loss and necessitate an immediate referral to an ophthalmologist. A comprehensive history and physical examination are essential in reaching a diagnosis and determining the severity of the eye problem. Visual changes, length of symptoms, presence or absence of a foreign body, history of trauma or recent eye surgery, and concomitant symptoms such as a headache, nausea, or ocular discharge should all be addressed in the history. Almost 50% of all eye disorders presented to a family physician. Comprehensive treatment of such conditions can often be provided in the primary care setting. Patients with persistent or severe conditions, particularly those involving foreign bodies and corneal abrasions due to high-velocity injuries, should be referred for immediate care by an ophthalmologist. This review aims to review most prevalent eye complaints in primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory disease that leads to variable degrees of illness, and which may be fatal. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of each chest computed tomography (CT) reporting category recommended by the Expert Consensus of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) in comparison with that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We aimed to add an analysis of this form of reporting in the Middle East, as few studies have been performed there. Between July 2021 and February 2022, 184 patients with a mean age of 55.56 ± 16.71 years and probable COVID-19 infections were included in this retrospective study. Approximately 64.67% (119 patients) were male, while 35.33% (65 patients) were female. Within 7 days, all patients underwent CT and RT-PCR examinations. According to a statement by the RSNA, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of each CT reporting category were calculated, and the RT-PCR results were used as a standard reference. The RT-PCR results confirmed a final diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in 60.33% of the patients. For COVID-19 diagnoses, the typical category (n = 88) had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and accuracy of 74.8%, 93.2%, 94.3%, and 92.5%, respectively. For non-COVID-19 diagnoses, the PPVs for the atypical (n = 22) and negative (n = 46) categories were 81.8% and 89.1%, respectively. The PPV for the indeterminate (n = 28) category was 67.9%, with a low sensitivity of 17.1%. However, the RSNA’s four chest CT reporting categories provide a strong diagnostic foundation and are highly correlated with the RT-PCR results for the typical, atypical, and negative categories, but they are weaker for the indeterminate category.

Often in extremely preterm newborns in the early postnatal daysproblems in fluid and electrolyte balance occur Due to excessive insensible water loss and renal immaturity. The dietary care of newborn newborns is challenged by the demands of growth and organ development. The stress of a serious disease makes it much more difficult to get enough nourishment. Newborns andespecially premature newborns must be assessed thoroughly for fluid and electrolytes balance. Calculating the fluid and electrolyte demand for sustaining metabolic activities, replacing losses (evaporative, third space, external), and considering pre-existing fluid imbalance are all part of effective fluid and electrolyte management. When a neonate's size or condition prevents them from receiving enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition can help them grow and thrive. Although eating through the gastrointestinal tract is the recommended method of nutritional management, some situations necessitate the use of PN as an adjuvant or sole treatment. In this article we discuss fluid electrolytes and Nutritional management using parenteral nutrition.

Anemia is defined as a drop in haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), or red blood cell (RBC) count. Anemia is a widespread issue in primary care, and primary care physicians are generally the first to notice its symptoms. Anaemia is a prevalent clinical concern among the adolescents.  It is widely known that haemoglobin levels drop with age increase. Anemia has been linked to a variety of negative effects, including higher mortality, hospitalisation, and a worse quality of life. epidemiological reporting of anaemia is fragmented. Anemia is diagnosed in part by symptoms reported in general practice/family medicine (GP/FM). Management of anemia relies on the type of anemia and underlying cause, in this review we will be looking at Prevalence, etiology, classification and management of Anemia.

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Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath due to airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Severe asthma accounts for a considerable amount of asthma-related costs, although being less common than milder asthma.  According to a review of US studies, the expenses for people with severe asthma are roughly 1.7- to 5-fold higher than for people with mild asthma. A subspecialized severe asthma services provides the benefit of an organized, variety of approaches to validate the diagnosis, asthma severity and phenotype, and risk factors and comorbidities management. This multimodal approach frequently comprises a team of respiratory physicians, nurses, and support health specialists, such as physiotherapists, speech therapists, nutritionists, and clinical psychologists. In addition to evaluation and monitoring for common comorbidities, they provide physician review, lung function testing, blood tests, inhaler optimization, and general illness awareness. This review aims to overview approach to diagnosis and management of moderate to severe asthma in primary care settings.