Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) with unique physicochemical properties are promising candidates for photocatalysis applications. However, pristine g-C3N4 often suffers from narrow absorption ranges and high carrier recombination rates, which result...
BackgroundDucks (Anas platyrhynchos) an economically important waterfowl for meat, eggs and feathers; is also a natural reservoir for influenza A viruses. The emergence of novel viruses is attributed to the status of co-existence of multiple types and subtypes of viruses in the reservoir hosts. For effective prediction of future viral epidemic or pandemic an in-depth understanding of the virome status in the key reservoir species is highly essential.MethodsTo obtain an unbiased measure of viral diversity in the enteric tract of ducks by viral metagenomic approach, we deep sequenced the viral nucleic acid extracted from cloacal swabs collected from the flock of 23 ducks which shared the water bodies with wild migratory birds.ResultIn total 7,455,180 reads with average length of 146 bases were generated of which 7,354,300 reads were de novo assembled into 24,945 contigs with an average length of 220 bases and the remaining 100,880 reads were singletons. The duck virome were identified by sequence similarity comparisons of contigs and singletons (BLASTx E score, <10−3) against viral reference database. Numerous duck virome sequences were homologous to the animal virus of the Papillomaviridae family; and phages of the Caudovirales, Inoviridae, Tectiviridae, Microviridae families and unclassified phages. Further, several duck virome sequences had homologous with the insect viruses of the Poxviridae, Alphatetraviridae, Baculoviridae, Densovirinae, Iflaviridae and Dicistroviridae families; and plant viruses of the Secoviridae, Virgaviridae, Tombusviridae and Partitiviridae families, which reflects the diet and habitation of ducks.ConclusionThis study increases our understanding of the viral diversity and expands the knowledge about the spectrum of viruses harboured in the enteric tract of ducks.
Transition-metal
nitrides have attracted significant attention
because of their unique electronic and surface properties and superior
chemical and mechanical stability. Although various metal nitrides
nanostructures have been realized, it remains challenging to introduce
porosity and the high specific surface in these nanostructures, but
they are required to expand the application possibility of these materials
in energy storage and conversion. Here, we report the preparation
of nanoporous titanium carbonitride using a high-nitrogen-containing
mesoporous carbon nitride, C3N6 (MCN-4), as
a reactive template and titanium tetrachloride as the titanium source.
Nitrogen adsorption and microscopic results reveal that the prepared
samples are highly nanoporous in nature, and the optimized sample
exhibits a specific surface area of 700 m2/g and a high
specific pore volume of 1.3 cm3/g. With the slight variation
of the amount of MCN-4 in the synthesis mixture, the composition and
the crystal structure of the nanoporous titanium carbonitride can
be finely controlled. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and
Raman spectroscopic analyses of these samples confirm that the titanium
atoms are strongly bonded with both carbon and nitrogen. The electrochemical
hydrogen evolution reaction measurements of the optimized nanoporous
titanium carbonitride loaded with 5 wt % of platinum in acidic medium
reveal a high electrocatalytic performance with the overpotential
of 27 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm–2, which
is similar to that of commercially available Pt/C which contains 20
wt % of Pt. The combination of nanoporous structure together with
the highly conducting carbon matrix in these metal carbonitride samples
really helps to enhance the electrocatalytic activity. This research
reveals a great opportunity for the design of porous metal nitride-based
nanostructures with different composition and the potential for these
materials to be used in energy storage and conversion technologies.
Background
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a noteworthy complication of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia using nitroglycerine versus phentolamine on event-related potentials and cognitive function in patients undergoing septoplasty surgery.
Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 patients indicated for septoplasty under general anesthesia; 40 patients received intra-operative Nitroglycerine and 40 patients received intra-operative Phentolamine. Cognitive assessment (using Paired Associate Learning test (PALT) and Benton Visual Retention test (BVRT)) and P300 recording were done for all included patients pre-operatively and one week postoperatively.
Results
The scores of PALT and Benton BVRT significantly declined one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups. There was no statistically significant difference between Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups in the postoperative decline in either PALT or BVRT (P-value = 0.342, 0.662 respectively). The values of P300 latency showed a significant delay one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value ≤ 0.001, 0.001), but in Nitroglycerine group, the delay is significantly higher than in Phentolamine group (P-value = 0.003). The values of P300 amplitude significantly decreased one week following surgery in both Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value ≤ 0.001, 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between Nitroglycerine and Phentolamine groups (P-value = 0.099).
Conclusion
Phentolamine is preferred over nitroglycerin in deliberate hypotensive anesthesia because it has less harmful effect on cognitive function than nitroglycerin.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.