The results of the study indicated the importance of adopting hospital policies for dealing with incidents of violence and legislation to subject aggressors to judicial punishment.
Background: Several risk managem-ent standards had been developed including the Project Management Institute, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, actuarial societies, and ISO standards. Objective: The study aimed at evaluating risk management among managers of model and ordinary primary health care centers in Baghdad City and comparing the risk management among these centers. Methods: A descriptive comparative design was carried throughout the present study at 55 primary health care centers; 15 model primary health care centers and 40 ordinary health care centers in Baghdad City. The study was initiated from May 25th 2017 up to January 25th 2018. Non-probability (purposive) sample of 55 managers of primary health care centers was selected of 15 model primary health care centers and 40 ordinary primary health care centers in Baghdad City. A questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the study. The overall number of items included in the questionnaire is 20 items. Internal consistency "split-half" reliability was obtained through computation of Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient. Data were collected through the employment of the questionnaire and the interview technique as means of data collection. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis approaches. Results: The study revealed that most of the managers of both model and ordinary primary health care centers had employed poor performance of standards of risk management of method of identifying risk (67%) (52.5%); risk management process (67%)(55%); potential risk treatments (60%)(67.5%); and cardinal rules for the practices of risk communication (60%)(50%) respectively. Conclusions: Managers of both sites unfortunately had performed the risk management standards inadequately.
Background: The link between physical fitness and systematic training in the referees training center is one of the important basics that every athlete must follow in any sporting activity. The shortage in the level of physical fitness as a result of not following the systematic exercises of the third class referees in the training center for football referees in the city of Baghdad led to the decline of their practical level in terms of physical fitness and the important elements that follow physical fitness.Aims of the study: The present study aims at evaluating third degree football referees’ physical fitness at the Football Referee Training Centre in Baghdad City.Methodology: Quasi-experimental design, using one group test-retest approach, is carried throughout the present study for the period of 25 \ October \ 2019 to 10 \ March \ 2021. Non-probability, convenient sample of (40) third degree football referee while they are attending the Referees’ Football Training Centre for the purpose of training. All subjects who have agreed to participate in the study have signed consent form for maintenance of their confidentiality and ethical considerations. Self-report questionnaire is constructed out of the program for the purpose of the study. Such instrument is comprised of two parts; part I: Socio-demographic Information which include age, education, body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) and part II: Third Degree Football Referees’ Physical Fitness Scale. Content validity of the questionnaire is determined through panel of experts and test-retest reliability for equivalence is obtained throughout a pilot study.Results: Results of the study depict that physical fitness of third degree football referees have dramatically and positively changed while they are involved in the training center. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between these referees’ physical fitness and their socio-demographic characteristics of age, education, body mass index and socioeconomic status.Conclusion: The study concludes that the third degree football referees’ physical fitness has been positively changed as a matter of pursuing benefits out of the training.Recommendations: The study recommends that regular and periodic investigations should be carried out to monitor the third degree referees’ physical fitness and further research can be conducted on the same topic with wide-range sample size, variety of variables and different settings.
Objective(s):The present study aims at evaluating third degree football referees' Health behaviors at the Football Referee Training Centre in Baghdad City.Methodology: Quasi-experimental design, using one group test-retest approach, is carried throughout the present study for the period of October 25 th 2019 through March 10 th 2021.Non-probability, convenient sample of (40) third degree football referee while they are attending the Referees' Football Training Centre for the purpose of training. All subjects who have agreed to participate in the study have signed consent form for maintenance of their confidentiality and ethical considerations. Self-report questionnaire is constructed out of the program for the purpose of the study. Such instrument is comprised of two parts; part I: Socio-demographic Information which include age, education, body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) and part II: Third Degree Football Referees' Health Behaviors Scale that measures the third degree referees' health behaviors. It is comprised of (4) sections that include body care and general health, smoking, drinking and drug use, psychosocial well-being and abusive behaviors. Content validity of the questionnaire is determined through panel of experts and test-retest reliability for equivalence is obtained throughout a pilot study.Results: Results of the study depict that third degree football referees have experienced positive health behaviors with respect to studied aspects. Further, there is no significant relationship between their health behaviors and the socio-demographic characteristics of age, education, body mass index and socioeconomic status. Conclusion:The study concludes that the third degree football referees' health behaviors are improving as far as they are involved in the referees training center.
Objectives: Evaluation of school health surveillance system with Indicate the level of usefulness of this system,in addition to Describe the system.Methodology: A probability multistage sample of (54) subjects which is selected the school health units fromthe health institutions. Questionnaire has been divided into three main parts consist, form(A) especially forhealth directorate, form (B) for health sectors, and form (C) for primary health care centers; each form containsthe basic components, structure, process, outcome, total items of questionnaire was ( 74) items.Results: The study results indicate that the system is average adequacy, simple, moderately flexible, highlyacceptance, representative, low utility and unstable system.Recommendation: The study recommended computerizing the system data as addition to manualdocumentation. Statisticians may coordinate the monthly surveillance forms. Involving all health institutions andcenters related to school health in the surveillance system program.
Objective: Assessment of primary schools science teachers' knowledge towards health promotion in Baghdad City.Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at (100) primary school at Al-Rasafa, and Al-Karkh sectors inBaghdad City, from November 29th 2007 to January 20th 2009. A probability stratified random sample of (100)teachers who teach science subject was selected, and had at least one year of employment in the teaching field. Aquestionnaire format was used which was consisted of (2) parts. The overall number of the items included in thequestionnaire were (205) items. The first part was related to the demographic data of the teachers, the second part(six sections) was concerned with teachers' knowledge about health promotion. Reliability and validity ofquestionnaire was estimated through a pilot study. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptivestatistical analysis which included; frequency and percentage, and the application of inferential statistical analysiswhich included; mean of score, Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-square test.Results. The study revealed that teachers have acquired moderate level of knowledge about nutrition, communicablediseases, immunization and vaccination, injuries and accidents, obesity, acute illness problems, dental problems,social and psychological development, water and lead pollution, radiation, noise problems, waste disposal and plantsproblems. Concerning the relationship between teachers' knowledge and their demographic characteristics, dataanalysis has showed that there is no association between teachers' knowledge and their ages, gender, and sectors.While, there is a significant associations between teachers' knowledge and their educational level, years ofemployment and training sessions.Recommendations: The study recommends that there is a need for health promotion-oriented education programwhich can be designed, constructed and presented to primary school teachers with great emphasis on all aspects ofhealth promotion. Furthermore, teacher can be nominated and encouraged to actively participate in health promotiontraining sessions. Also, the importance of a collaborative work which can be initiated between the Ministry ofEducation and the Ministry of Health to create facilities for the implementation of health promotion orientededucation program.
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