Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks its own healthy tissue. It can affect many organs such as skin, joints, brain, kidneys and other organs. Objectives: to evaluate the knowledge toward Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) among citizens in Al-Dammam city. Methods: a questionnaire-based quantitative cross-sectional study which focuses on determining the knowledge of Systemic lupus erythematosus in Al-Dammam city. Results: 240 participants filled the surveys, 130 participants (54%) have no idea about SLE. The majority of respondents had no clear idea regarding treatment and complications of the disease. 32% respondents had idea that SLE is more prevalent among females. In fact, this disorder is reported more prevalent in women. Conclusion: this study indicated that the public have low awareness with some misconception regarding the SLE. The awareness campaigns are needed to increase the awareness about SLE which will be helpful to educate the public about its symptoms and methods of treatments.
Background: The nurses working in radiation wards need to have an adequate knowledge about the risks and preventive measures of radiation exposure to protect themselves from health hazards of radiation as well as giving the patient the correct information about radiation exposure practices. Adiography in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A cross sectional study was assessed among 300 nurses in Jeddah city from June 2017 to August 2017. All the nurses were interviewed then filled up a questionnaire sheet. The questionnaire included 3 parts and the first part comprised questions about the demographics of included subjects, the second and third parts included questions about the knowledge and attitude of nurses toward radiation. Results: The majority of nurses (65%) had adequate knowledge regarding the ionizing radiation risk factors and protective measures and about 35% had poor knowledge. The level of nurse's attitude was good among 79% and poor among 21% toward ionizing radiation. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with the level of educational degree and magnitude of practical years of experience. Conclusion: the nurses' radiation protection knowledge and attitude were good among most of nurses. However, there is a need for other educational safety programs to increase the knowledge of the rest of nurses.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of six sampling techniques to identify an efficient and accurate sampling technique to be applied to probabilistic voltage stability assessment in large-scale power systems. In this study, six different sampling techniques are investigated and compared to each other in terms of their accuracy and efficiency, including Monte Carlo (MC), three versions of Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC), i.e., Sobol, Halton, and Latin Hypercube, Markov Chain MC (MCMC), and importance sampling (IS) technique, to evaluate their suitability for application with probabilistic voltage stability analysis in large-scale uncertain power systems. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) are calculated to measure the accuracy and the efficiency of the sampling techniques compared to each other. All the six sampling techniques provide more than 99% accuracy by producing a large number of wind speed random samples (8760 samples). In terms of efficiency, on the other hand, the three versions of QMC are the most efficient sampling techniques, providing more than 96% accuracy with only a small number of generated samples (150 samples) compared to other techniques.
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