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Given the unprecedented level of air pollution in urban areas, green transport systems has been a subject to an important debate in academic and policymaking circles. Despite the considerable outputs of the attendant literature, most of empirical studies to date have relied on conventional econometric models in which structural shocks are not controlled. This study, therefore, aims to offer a new perceptive of the dynamic connection between renewable energy, environment-related technological innovation, and transport-based CO2 emissions in Turkey during 1990Q1 to 2014Q1 by applying the Structural Vector Autoregressive approach (SVAR). Furthermore, to explore the co-movements and the lead-lag interrelations among the study variables, the wavelet coherence technique was used. The wavelet coherence technique circumvents the other traditional causality approaches by detecting the causal interrelation between the underlying series at different frequencies. The findings disclose that environment-related technological innovation has no reliable power to explain the variation in CO2 emissions from the transport sector. Solar energy is found to impact the CO2 emissions positively in the long run, while biofuels hold the same effect in short run. Moreover, per capita GDP and urbanization significantly impact the carbon emissions from the transport system in the long run with a negative sign. The wavelet analysis reveals that renewables and environmental-related technological innovation lead the transport-based CO2 emissions. The fourth and 16th periods are the most dominant frequencies. Accordingly, the study suggests that innovation in environment-related technologies is not enough to mitigate the pollution that stemming from the transport system in Turkey, it should be accompanied by strong and effective environmental measures. These policies might include environmental taxations, carbon pricing and trading schemes, which aim not only to prevent the pollution and over-extraction of resources, but also to promote the public revenues from different activities that related to environmental purposes and other applications such as energy product and vehicle fuels. In addition, it is suggested to strengthening the transportation system through the deployment of renewables and high-tech eco-friendly modes of transportation.

This study examines the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in Turkey. The research uses annual time series data from 1970 to 2017. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests were used to test the stationarity of the series. In this the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used as an estimation technique. Furthermore, the classical additive decomposition method was used to forecast the pollution. The results indicate that economic growth has a positive significant effect on environmental pollution in the short-run and positive but insignificant effect in the long-run. When the long-run and short-run elasticities were compared it is found that the long-run elasticity is greater than the short-run elasticity which challenges the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and provides evidence against its existence in Turkey. The paper suggests that robust and effective environmental policies should be strictly implemented and closely monitored to reduce the environmental pollution and to ensure the preservation of resources for future generations.

The time-invariable models would suffer to give a clearer description to the relationship between exchange rate and trade flows. Therefore, the growing strand of literature has failed to reach a consensus. This study aims to contribute to this discussion by employing not only nonlinear model to capture the asymmetric effect, but also to detect the time frequencies and explore the lead-lag relations between real exchange rate and trade balance between Libya and its major trade partner ‘Turkey’ by applying both NARDL and wavelet coherence approaches, using monthly data spanning January 2013 to December 2020, selected based on data availability. The findings disclose that trade balance responds to the real exchange rate asymmetrically. The asymmetric effect is skewed more in the negative direction, as the impact of negative change is significant and greater than the positive change in long run. While the oil price shocks positively impact trade balance, economic policy uncertainty negatively affects trade balance. The wavelet coherence analysis indicates that real exchange rate and economic policy uncertainty are lagging in trade balance, while oil price leads trade balance. Among various other policy suggestions, we recommend that stable exchange rate through the intervention in the foreign exchange market will promote the trade balance at the end.

This study investigates the impact of biomass energy consumption on Turkey's economic growth and environmental quality. The research used annual time series data from 2004 to 2019. The ADF and Phillips-Perron unit root tests were utilised to test the stationarity of the series. In this study, the ARDL model is employed as an estimation technique. The results indicate that biomass energy consumption helps to reduce pollution and improve environmental quality in the long-run and short-run in Turkey, while economic growth and technological innovation increase the environmental deterioration. Therefore, this paper recommends that economic policymakers, specifically in Turkey, consider strategies that support sustainable economic growth using reusable energy sources.

This study aims to analyze the dynamic effect of renewable energy use and globalization on the environmental sustainability in India by utilizing annual time series data spanning the period 1990-2018. After identifying the series order of stationarity by utilizing ADF and PP tests, this study makes use of VECM and WTC models. The reason is that VECM is powerful method in testing the dynamic shocks among the variables. In addition, the VECM is the powerful in variance decomposition and the possibility of observing long run forecast. The WTC model on the other hand allows us to detect the time frequency dependence among the underlying variables. The results disclose that environmental quality reacts negatively to renewables while the globalization and economic growth seem positively impact the degradation of the environment. These outcomes are expected and consistent with relevant theories and some empirical findings. Although India has recently implemented a wide range of energy policies to promote renewables, however huge challenges still persistent and many efforts are required. Therefore, future policy should enhance the development in renewables and create more competitive environment for the investment in the renewable energy market.