Background: Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East and North Africa and has more than 15% of the cardiovascular deaths in the region, but little is known about the prevalence of traditional risk factors and treatment strategies in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients across Egypt. Methods: From November 2015 to August 2017, data were collected from 1 681 patients with ACS in 30 coronary care centres, covering 11 governorates across Egypt, spanning the Mediterranean coast, Nile Delta and Upper Egypt, with a focus on risk factors and management strategies. Results: Women constituted 25% of the patients. Premature ACS was common, with 43% of men aged less than 55 years, and 67% of women under 65 years. Most men had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (49%), while a larger percentage of women had unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (32% each; p < 0.001).

Background Diabetes is a rapidly growing health problem worldwide. In 2019, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that Egypt is the 9th country worldwide with about 8,850,400 cases and a prevalence of 15.2% in adults. By 2045, Egypt is expected to be the 7th country worldwide. Several factors affecting glycemic control are related to patients, physicians, and the infrastructure of primary health care facilities (PHCFs). The effect of health care infrastructure and resources is not well studied. This cross-sectional study aims to explore factors affecting glycemic control among subjects with diabetes visiting PHCFs in the Mansoura District. A questionnaire was done to assess these factors among subjects with diabetes, primary care physicians (PCPs), and PHCFs infrastructure and resources. Three hundred and two subjects with diabetes attending PHCFs in the Mansoura District underwent a detailed clinical history. Also, HbA1c was obtained. Results Factors in patients that affect diabetic control include patient’s education and occupation and their smoking status. Practicing physical exercise is important for diabetes control. Physicians can affect diabetes control by their rural residence, older age, participation in diabetes training, early graduation year, longer durations since started dealing with subjects with diabetes, and following guidelines. Resources of infrastructure have a role in diabetes control. Metformin and investigation availability has a positive association with diabetes control. Conclusion Patients, physicians, and resources of infrastructure have a role in diabetes control.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes is a part of metabolic syndrome associated with a higher risk of vascular complications. Diabetes is characterized by changes in platelet morphology, function, and platelet hyperactivity so, it's considered a prothrombotic condition. Morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes-related to micro and macrovascular complications. Novel biomarkers are needed to identify and treat people at higher risk. Objective: The main objective of this controlled cross-sectional study was to evaluate Platelet volume indices (PVI) in subjects with type 2 diabetes with and without complications in comparison to subjects without diabetes. Methods: Hundred and thirty-five subjects aged from 35 to 60 years were subdivided into 3 groups. Group A includes 55 subjects with type 2 diabetes with complications. Group B includes 45 subjects with type 2 diabetes without complications. Group C includes 35 normal healthy subjects. Detailed clinical history was taken. Also, PVI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine were obtained. Results: Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Plateletcrit (PCT), and Platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) were significantly higher among subjects with retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy than other subjects with diabetes who didn't develop complications (P<0.001). At cutoff value > 11.9 fL, MPV have diagnostic sensitivity 80% and specificity 97.8%. Whereas PDW >16.9fL has a sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 100% for diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). Conclusion: MPV and PDW may be considered as possible biomarkers for the early detection of diabetic microvascular complications.