BackgroundFor students attending university courses, experiencing test anxiety (TA) dramatically impairs cognitive performance and success at exams. Whereas TA is a specific case of social phobia, emotional intelligence (EI) is an umbrella term covering interpersonal and intrapersonal skills, along with positive stress management, adaptability, and mood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that higher EI and lower TA are associated. Further, sex differences were explored.MethodDuring an exam week, a total of 200 university students completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, TA, and EI.ResultsHigher scores on EI traits were associated with lower TA scores. Relative to male participants, female participants reported higher TA scores, but not EI scores. Intrapersonal and interpersonal skills and mood predicted low TA, while sex, stress management, and adaptability were excluded from the equation.ConclusionThe pattern of results suggests that efforts to improve intrapersonal and interpersonal skills, and mood might benefit students with high TA. Specifically, social commitment might counteract TA.

Summary Drilling becomes extremely challenging when dealing with naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR). A comprehensive solution is developed in this study to perform qualitative analysis on drilling fluid loss rate and volume to examine how they can be affected by NFR characteristics, drilling fluid rheology, leakoff phenomenon, and wellbore condition. In this regard, the solution is applied to generate type curves to facilitate the sensitivity analysis (refer to the provided Supplementary Materials). The presented solution accounts for not only drilling fluid pseudoplasticity in the total system but also matrix medium under wellbore constant pressure assumption (by including dimensionless matrix contribution parameter). It is also able to measure mud loss advancement not only through NFR but also through homogeneous reservoirs. The developed solution is validated by reducing it to the preexisting solution (designed for Newtonian fluid case) by incorporating assumptions into it. The result demonstrates the significance of NFR properties and drilling fluid pseudoplasticity on the leakoff phenomenon and total loss volume, especially when constant pressure is established inside the wellbore. The finding reveals that three periods can be identified through generated type curves depending on NFR characteristics, drilling fluid rheology, and leakoff coefficient. Therefore, different drilling fluids with specific pseudoplasticity should be used in each period to mitigate drilling fluid loss effectively. In this regard, the study is supposed to design drilling fluid in a way to maintain its pseudoplasticity at a higher level at early and late times, while being maintained at a lower level during the transient period, a critical aspect for managed pressure drilling techniques, particularly in the context of dual-gradient drilling applications. Additionally, a procedure should be implemented to lessen the transient period while attempting to keep drilling fluid advancement occurrence at a lower rate, which shows that drilling fluid pseudoplasticity can be used as an effective tool to manage this period. The obtained result also indicates that the importance of drilling fluid rheology to control total loss volume is greater for NFR with higher leakoff than with lower leakoff. Furthermore, the greater the differential pressure inside the wellbore, the greater the importance of mud rheology to reduce drilling fluid loss. The outcome of the study not only facilitated qualitative and quantitative analyses through NFR but also enabled decision-makers to instantaneously select optimal wellbore conditions and drilling fluid pseudoplasticity.

Knowledge on Water productivity (WP) of strategic crops, nationwide, will result in optimizing the consumption of agricultural water, proper cropping pattern and more financial benefits. In this study, a national web-based simulation portal was developed to evaluate the maximum achievable WP on a national scale. The National Water Portal (NWP) was consisting of four national databases (climatic, soil, crop and spatial data), a lump water balance model and a graphical user interface (GUI) to support computing the irrigation water requirements and evaluate the WP indicators at farm to national scale on the network. WP indicators defined as yield per crop evapotranspiration (WPETc), yield per net irrigation requirement (WPNIR), and the financial benefit per consumed water (WPEco) was calculated for the dominant strategic crop consist of winter wheat, barley, rice, maize, sugar beet and sugarcane. Net irrigation requirement was estimated using a lamp water balance model based on the dual crop coefficient approach presented by FAO 56. The results indicated that winter wheat and barley with NIR of 258 to 4235 m3 ha− 1 has the highest WPEco among the studied crops and rice with NIR of 4495 to 8907 m3 ha− 1 stands in the next category. WPEco for maize and forage maize (3747 to 7083 m3 ha− 1) was higher than WPEco for sugarcane and sugar beet. Sugar cane with NIR of 18318 m3 ha− 1 had distinguishably lower WPEco value among the studied crops because of its long growing season. The results suggested sugar cane to be replaced by with sugar beet (NIR from 5100 to 11896 m3 ha− 1) with 4 times higher WPEco.

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